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PDHPE: year 11 > Core 2: The body in motion > Flashcards

Core 2: The body in motion Flashcards

1
Q

What does the Skeletal system consist of and it’s function

A

bone tissue
bone marrow
cartilage
periosteum

To support, movement, mineral support, production an blood cell production

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2
Q

Describe Sutural Bones/Irregular Bones (skeletal system)

A

protect internal organs

E.g Vertebrae, cranial bone

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3
Q

Describe Short bones (skeletal system)

A

Provide stability, support, while allowing for some motion

E.g Carpals, Tarsals

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4
Q

Describe Sesamoid bones (skeletal system)

A

Protect tendons from compressive forces

E.g Patellae

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5
Q

Describe Flat Bones (skeletal system)

A

Points of attachment for muscles; protectors of internal organs

E.g Sternum, ribs, scapulae, cranial bones

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6
Q

Describe Long bones (skeletal system)

A

longer than it is wide, Leverage

E.g Femur, tibia, fibula, metatarsals, humerus, ulna, radius, metacarpals, phalanges

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7
Q

How many Bones (skeletal system)

A

206

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8
Q

Axial skeleton is.. (skeletal system)

A

major role is protection

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9
Q

Appendicular skeleton is… (skeletal system)

A

major role is movement

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10
Q

Describe Fibrous joint (skeletal system)

A

Held by a ligament, no joint cavity

E.g Cranium

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11
Q

Describe Cartilaginous joint (skeletal system)

A

held together by cartilage, no joint cavity

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12
Q

Describe Synovial joint (skeletal system)

A

Highly movable, has joint cavity and held together by ligaments separated by synovial fluid in joint cavity

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13
Q

What is a Articular Capsule (skeletal system)

A

a capsule that encloses the joint cavity

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14
Q

What is a Articular cartilage (skeletal system)

A

a connective tissue covering the surface of articulating bones

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15
Q

What is Synovial fluid (skeletal system)

A

a secretion that lubricates and nourishes the articular cartilage

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16
Q

What is Bursa (skeletal system)

A

a small sac containing synovial fluid, located at friction sites between bones and tendons

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17
Q

Tendons (skeletal system)

A

muscle to bone

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18
Q

Ligaments (skeletal system)

A

Bone to bone

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19
Q

Anterior (skeletal system)

A

Front view

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20
Q

Posterior (skeletal system)

A

Back view

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21
Q

midline (skeletal system)

A

Right down the middle

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22
Q

midline

A

Right down the middle

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23
Q

lateral (skeletal system)

A

Farther from midline

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24
Q

Medial (skeletal system)

A

Nearer to the midline

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25
Q

Superior (skeletal system)

A

Toward head upper part of the structure

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26
Q

inferior (skeletal system)

A

Away from the head/lower part of a structure

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27
Q

superficial (skeletal system)

A

Close to the surface of the body

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28
Q

proximal (skeletal system)

A

Nearer to the origination of a structure

29
Q

Distal (skeletal system)

A

Farther from the origination of a structure

30
Q

Flexion (skeletal system)

A

decreasing the angle between two bones

31
Q

Extension (skeletal system)

A

increasing the angle between two bones

32
Q

Adduction (skeletal system)

A

movement of a bone toward the midline

33
Q

Abduction (skeletal system)

A

movement of a bone away from the midline

34
Q

Pronation (skeletal system)

A

movement of forearm so that the palm is posterior or inferior

35
Q

Supination (skeletal system)

A

movement of forearm so that palm is anterior or superior

36
Q

Plantar flexion (skeletal system)

A

bending of foot away from shin

37
Q

Dorsiflexion (skeletal system)

A

blending of foot towards shin

38
Q

What is a muscle (muscular system)

A

a bundle of fibrous tissue that has the ability to contract, producing movement in or meriting the position of parts of the body.

39
Q

Cardiac muscle (muscular system)

A

forms must of hearts movement is involuntary (occurs without us knowing)

40
Q

Smooth muscle (muscular system)

A

located on walls of our internal structure e.g, stomach, blood vessels, intestines movement is involuntary

41
Q

Agonist (muscular system)

A

(prime movers) provides main force

42
Q

Antagonist (muscular system)

A

(muscle that react) opposes or reverses a particular movement

43
Q

Isotonic is.. (muscular system)

A

(movement) -

Concentric: (muscle shortens) e.g. upward phase of bicep curl

Eccentric: (muscle lengthens) e.g. lowering phase of bicep curl

44
Q

Isometric is.. (muscular system)

A

(no movement) -
neither shortens or lengthens

45
Q

Nasal cavity (respiratory)

A

where air travels through and picks up small dust or bugs

46
Q

pharynx (respiratory)

A

nasal cavity and the oral cavity combine and allows for the movement of both air, food and liquid

47
Q

Epiglottis (respiratory)

A

used to close off the airway when swallowing

48
Q

Larynx (respiratory)

A

voice box

49
Q

Trachea (respiratory)

A

main air pipe, pits into two (2) main bronchi or bronchus

50
Q

Bronchi (respiratory)

A

carry air directly into the lungs

51
Q

Bronchioles (respiratory)

A

bring the air to the alveoli sacs

52
Q

alveoli (respiratory)

A

surrounded by a mesh of capillaries to allow for gas exchange into the circulatory system.

53
Q

lungs (respiratory)

A

Main organ of the respiratory system brings oxygen into our bodies

54
Q

Diaphragm (respiratory)

A

contracts and flattens and the chest cavity enlarges

55
Q

What are the 4 processes for respiration system

A

Pulmonary ventilation: (moving) movement of air from the atmosphere into the alveoli

Pulmonary diffusion: exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Transport of respiratory gases: transportation of oxygen & carbon dioxide between the lungs

Internal respiration: exchange of gas between the blood capillaries & the tissue cells

56
Q

Pulmonary ventilation

A

Inspiration: air outside having higher pressure than the air in the lungs
(diaphragm contracts increase the size and volume inside the lungs)

Expiration: pressure inside is greater than outside (diaphragm decrease the size and volume inside the lungs)

57
Q

Function of blood (circulatory system)

A

Distribution: Transports
Regulation: temperature
Protection: Protects

58
Q

Components of blood (circulatory system)

A

Blood plasma: take nutrients
Platelets: process of clotting
White blood cells: fight viruses
Red blood cells: carry oxygen

59
Q

stroke volume is.. (circulatory system)

A

amount of blood ejected with each contraction of the heart

60
Q

Cardiac Output is.. (circulatory system)

A

volume of blood that is pumped out of the heart per minute

Q = heart rate (HR) x stroke rate

61
Q

Blood vessels (circulatory system)

A

Arteries: carries blood away from the heart
Viens: carries blood back to the heart
Capillaries: x change of materials between the blood and tissue cells

62
Q

Pulmonary and systemic circulation (circulatory system)

A

Pulmonary: blood from right side of heart to lungs, back to left side heart. (deoxygenated)

Systemic: blood from left side of heart out to all body tissues, then back to right side of heart (oxygenated)

63
Q

Components of physical fitness - Health related

A

cardiorespiratory endurance: beep test

Muscular strength: hand dynamometres

Muscular endurance: sit up test

Flexibility: sit and reach test

Body composition: skinfold callipers test

64
Q

Components of physical fitness - skill related

A

Power: vertical jump test
speed: sprints
Agility: Illinois agility run
Coordination: juggling
Balance: brick stand test
Reaction time: ruler reaction time test

65
Q

Aerobic and anaerobic training

A

Aerobic - (continuous activity) uses O2

Anaerobic - (powerful and explosive movement) does not use O2

66
Q

FITT principle

A

Frequency
Intensity
Time
Type

67
Q

Immediate physiological response to training

A

Heart rate:

Ventilation rate:

Stroke volume: amount of blood ejected with each contraction of the heart

Cardiac output: volume of blood that is pumped out to the heart per minute

Lactate levels: High levels of acidity make it increasingly difficult for muscle fibres to contract

68
Q

Two types of balance

A

Static - (not moving)
Dynamic - (moving)

69
Q

Types of forces that can be generated:

A

Internal - E.g [contraction of the quadriceps when kicking a football]
External - E.g [gravity, contact with the ground, fluid & air resistance]

FORCE = MASS X ACCELERATION

PDHPE: year 11 (3 decks)

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