Core 2: The body in motion Flashcards
What does the Skeletal system consist of and it’s function
bone tissue
bone marrow
cartilage
periosteum
To support, movement, mineral support, production an blood cell production
Describe Sutural Bones/Irregular Bones (skeletal system)
protect internal organs
E.g Vertebrae, cranial bone
Describe Short bones (skeletal system)
Provide stability, support, while allowing for some motion
E.g Carpals, Tarsals
Describe Sesamoid bones (skeletal system)
Protect tendons from compressive forces
E.g Patellae
Describe Flat Bones (skeletal system)
Points of attachment for muscles; protectors of internal organs
E.g Sternum, ribs, scapulae, cranial bones
Describe Long bones (skeletal system)
longer than it is wide, Leverage
E.g Femur, tibia, fibula, metatarsals, humerus, ulna, radius, metacarpals, phalanges
How many Bones (skeletal system)
206
Axial skeleton is.. (skeletal system)
major role is protection
Appendicular skeleton is… (skeletal system)
major role is movement
Describe Fibrous joint (skeletal system)
Held by a ligament, no joint cavity
E.g Cranium
Describe Cartilaginous joint (skeletal system)
held together by cartilage, no joint cavity
Describe Synovial joint (skeletal system)
Highly movable, has joint cavity and held together by ligaments separated by synovial fluid in joint cavity
What is a Articular Capsule (skeletal system)
a capsule that encloses the joint cavity
What is a Articular cartilage (skeletal system)
a connective tissue covering the surface of articulating bones
What is Synovial fluid (skeletal system)
a secretion that lubricates and nourishes the articular cartilage
What is Bursa (skeletal system)
a small sac containing synovial fluid, located at friction sites between bones and tendons
Tendons (skeletal system)
muscle to bone
Ligaments (skeletal system)
Bone to bone
Anterior (skeletal system)
Front view
Posterior (skeletal system)
Back view
midline (skeletal system)
Right down the middle
midline
Right down the middle
lateral (skeletal system)
Farther from midline
Medial (skeletal system)
Nearer to the midline
Superior (skeletal system)
Toward head upper part of the structure
inferior (skeletal system)
Away from the head/lower part of a structure
superficial (skeletal system)
Close to the surface of the body
proximal (skeletal system)
Nearer to the origination of a structure
Distal (skeletal system)
Farther from the origination of a structure
Flexion (skeletal system)
decreasing the angle between two bones
Extension (skeletal system)
increasing the angle between two bones
Adduction (skeletal system)
movement of a bone toward the midline
Abduction (skeletal system)
movement of a bone away from the midline
Pronation (skeletal system)
movement of forearm so that the palm is posterior or inferior
Supination (skeletal system)
movement of forearm so that palm is anterior or superior
Plantar flexion (skeletal system)
bending of foot away from shin
Dorsiflexion (skeletal system)
blending of foot towards shin
What is a muscle (muscular system)
a bundle of fibrous tissue that has the ability to contract, producing movement in or meriting the position of parts of the body.
Cardiac muscle (muscular system)
forms must of hearts movement is involuntary (occurs without us knowing)
Smooth muscle (muscular system)
located on walls of our internal structure e.g, stomach, blood vessels, intestines movement is involuntary
Agonist (muscular system)
(prime movers) provides main force
Antagonist (muscular system)
(muscle that react) opposes or reverses a particular movement
Isotonic is.. (muscular system)
(movement) -
Concentric: (muscle shortens) e.g. upward phase of bicep curl
Eccentric: (muscle lengthens) e.g. lowering phase of bicep curl
Isometric is.. (muscular system)
(no movement) -
neither shortens or lengthens
Nasal cavity (respiratory)
where air travels through and picks up small dust or bugs
pharynx (respiratory)
nasal cavity and the oral cavity combine and allows for the movement of both air, food and liquid
Epiglottis (respiratory)
used to close off the airway when swallowing
Larynx (respiratory)
voice box
Trachea (respiratory)
main air pipe, pits into two (2) main bronchi or bronchus
Bronchi (respiratory)
carry air directly into the lungs
Bronchioles (respiratory)
bring the air to the alveoli sacs
alveoli (respiratory)
surrounded by a mesh of capillaries to allow for gas exchange into the circulatory system.
lungs (respiratory)
Main organ of the respiratory system brings oxygen into our bodies
Diaphragm (respiratory)
contracts and flattens and the chest cavity enlarges
What are the 4 processes for respiration system
Pulmonary ventilation: (moving) movement of air from the atmosphere into the alveoli
Pulmonary diffusion: exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
Transport of respiratory gases: transportation of oxygen & carbon dioxide between the lungs
Internal respiration: exchange of gas between the blood capillaries & the tissue cells
Pulmonary ventilation
Inspiration: air outside having higher pressure than the air in the lungs
(diaphragm contracts increase the size and volume inside the lungs)
Expiration: pressure inside is greater than outside (diaphragm decrease the size and volume inside the lungs)
Function of blood (circulatory system)
Distribution: Transports
Regulation: temperature
Protection: Protects
Components of blood (circulatory system)
Blood plasma: take nutrients
Platelets: process of clotting
White blood cells: fight viruses
Red blood cells: carry oxygen
stroke volume is.. (circulatory system)
amount of blood ejected with each contraction of the heart
Cardiac Output is.. (circulatory system)
volume of blood that is pumped out of the heart per minute
Q = heart rate (HR) x stroke rate
Blood vessels (circulatory system)
Arteries: carries blood away from the heart
Viens: carries blood back to the heart
Capillaries: x change of materials between the blood and tissue cells
Pulmonary and systemic circulation (circulatory system)
Pulmonary: blood from right side of heart to lungs, back to left side heart. (deoxygenated)
Systemic: blood from left side of heart out to all body tissues, then back to right side of heart (oxygenated)
Components of physical fitness - Health related
cardiorespiratory endurance: beep test
Muscular strength: hand dynamometres
Muscular endurance: sit up test
Flexibility: sit and reach test
Body composition: skinfold callipers test
Components of physical fitness - skill related
Power: vertical jump test
speed: sprints
Agility: Illinois agility run
Coordination: juggling
Balance: brick stand test
Reaction time: ruler reaction time test
Aerobic and anaerobic training
Aerobic - (continuous activity) uses O2
Anaerobic - (powerful and explosive movement) does not use O2
FITT principle
Frequency
Intensity
Time
Type
Immediate physiological response to training
Heart rate:
Ventilation rate:
Stroke volume: amount of blood ejected with each contraction of the heart
Cardiac output: volume of blood that is pumped out to the heart per minute
Lactate levels: High levels of acidity make it increasingly difficult for muscle fibres to contract
Two types of balance
Static - (not moving)
Dynamic - (moving)
Types of forces that can be generated:
Internal - E.g [contraction of the quadriceps when kicking a football]
External - E.g [gravity, contact with the ground, fluid & air resistance]
FORCE = MASS X ACCELERATION
