Core 2

Question 1

Anatomy vs. Physiology (2)

Answer 1

Anatomy - how the structures relate

Physiology - how the structures function

Question 2

Skeletal System Function (5)

Answer 2

Support - framework

Protection- protect internal organs

Assist movement - lever

Storage of minerals

Protection of Blood cells

Question 3

Axial vs. Appendicular (2)

Answer 3

Axial - main structure of overall skeleton, core stability

Appendicular - long bones involved with affecting movement

Question 4

Types of bones (4)

Answer 4

Long - shape is long
e.g femur, humerus

Short - spongy and minimal movement
e.g carpal

Flat- protective
e.g cranium

Irregular

Question 5

Joint Types (3)

Answer 5

Fibrous - strong connective tissue

Cartilaginous - cartilage

Synovial - ligaments and synovial fluid

Question 6

Tendon vs. Ligament vs. Bursa (3)

Answer 6

Bursa - small sac with synovial fluid

Tendon - joins muscle to bone

Ligament - joins bone to bone

Question 7

Synovial joint types (6)

Answer 7

Hinge - elbow, knee

Pivot - base of neck (axis and atlas)

Ball and Socket - shoulder, hip

Saddle - joint of thumb

Condyloid - Wrist

Gliding - Vertebrae

Question 8

Types of muscle (3)

Answer 8

Skeletal - voluntary, contracts and relaxes
e.g biceps, triceps, latissimus dorsi

Smooth - involuntary, organ linings
e.g small intestine, stomach

Cardiac - Involuntary, heart muscle

Question 9

Muscle contraction (2)

Answer 9

Agonist - causes contraction

Antagonist - relaxes in contraction

Question 10

Types of contraction (3)

Answer 10

Isotonic - changing muscle length
Concentric - contracts
Eccentric - extends

Isometric - tension with same length

Question 11

Function of Lungs, bronchi and alveoli (3)

Answer 11

lungs - transport oxygen

bronchi - passages for air

alveoli - small air chambers for diffusion

Question 12

Lung Function (4)

Answer 12

Pulmonary Ventilation - breathing

Pulmonary diffusion - cell diffusion

Transport of gases - between tissue cells and lungs via blood

Internal respiration - exchange between blood capillaries and cells

Question 13

Lung volumes (4)

Answer 13

Vital - air expelled after maximal inspiration

Residual - Air trapped after exhaling

Total lung - vital + residual

Tidal - normal breathing

Question 14

Blood functions (4)

Answer 14

Transport - nutrients, waste, oxygen

Protect - infections, blood loss

Toxic Substances - purify blood via liver

Maintain temperature and pH levels - regulate

Question 15

Components of Blood (4)

Answer 15

Erythrocytes - transport oxygen and CO2

Leukocytes - Immune and circulatory system, fighting infections

Thrombocytes - blood clots

Plasma - transports blood cells, nutrients etc.

Question 16

Diastole vs. Systole (2)

Answer 16

Diastole - relaxation phase

Systole - contraction phase

Question 17

Blood Vessels (3)

Answer 17

Artery - carries blood away from heart

Vein - carries blood to the heart (has valves)

Capillaries - diffusion into cells (1 cell in diameter)

Question 18

Health Related Components (5)

Answer 18

CV Endurance - provide oxygen to muscles

Muscular endurance - sustain and repeat a movement

Muscular Strength - maximal force

Flexibility - range of motion

Body Composition - proportions of body tissue

Question 19

Skill related components (6)

Answer 19

Power - strength and speed

Speed - change in position

Agility - direction change

Coordination- smooth flow of movements

Balance - equilibrium

Reaction time - response to a task

Question 20

Anaerobic vs. aerobic (2)

Answer 20

Aerobic - needs oxygen, lower intensity

Anaerobic - intense, no oxygen

Question 21

FITT (4)

Answer 21

Frequency - how often

Intensity - heart rate

Time - duration

Type - variation

Question 22

Immediate response (5)

Answer 22

Heart rate - beats per min, increases quickly before plate

Ventilation - depth and rate per min
prior to exercise it will increase

Stroke - Amount of blood with each contraction

Cardiac output - HR X VR

Lactate levels - build up when doing anaerobic exercise

Question 23

Balance (3)

Answer 23

Centre of Gravity - where the mass is centred around

Line of gravity - drawn from COG to ground

Base of support - contact points

Question 24

Fluid Mechanics (6)

Answer 24

Fluid - forces in water/open environments

Centre of Buoyancy - COG that swimmer has

Floatation - ability to float

Resistance - acts against the body

Lift - perpendicular to water flow

Magnus - slight spin can change direction

Question 25

Newtons Laws (3)

Answer 25

Inertia

f = ma

every action has an equal and opposite reaction