Core 2 Flashcards
Anatomy vs. Physiology (2)
Anatomy - how the structures relate
Physiology - how the structures function
Skeletal System Function (5)
Support - framework
Protection- protect internal organs
Assist movement - lever
Storage of minerals
Protection of Blood cells
Axial vs. Appendicular (2)
Axial - main structure of overall skeleton, core stability
Appendicular - long bones involved with affecting movement
Types of bones (4)
Long - shape is long
e.g femur, humerus
Short - spongy and minimal movement
e.g carpal
Flat- protective
e.g cranium
Irregular
Joint Types (3)
Fibrous - strong connective tissue
Cartilaginous - cartilage
Synovial - ligaments and synovial fluid
Tendon vs. Ligament vs. Bursa (3)
Bursa - small sac with synovial fluid
Tendon - joins muscle to bone
Ligament - joins bone to bone
Synovial joint types (6)
Hinge - elbow, knee
Pivot - base of neck (axis and atlas)
Ball and Socket - shoulder, hip
Saddle - joint of thumb
Condyloid - Wrist
Gliding - Vertebrae
Types of muscle (3)
Skeletal - voluntary, contracts and relaxes
e.g biceps, triceps, latissimus dorsi
Smooth - involuntary, organ linings
e.g small intestine, stomach
Cardiac - Involuntary, heart muscle
Muscle contraction (2)
Agonist - causes contraction
Antagonist - relaxes in contraction
Types of contraction (3)
Isotonic - changing muscle length
Concentric - contracts
Eccentric - extends
Isometric - tension with same length
Function of Lungs, bronchi and alveoli (3)
lungs - transport oxygen
bronchi - passages for air
alveoli - small air chambers for diffusion
Lung Function (4)
Pulmonary Ventilation - breathing
Pulmonary diffusion - cell diffusion
Transport of gases - between tissue cells and lungs via blood
Internal respiration - exchange between blood capillaries and cells
Lung volumes (4)
Vital - air expelled after maximal inspiration
Residual - Air trapped after exhaling
Total lung - vital + residual
Tidal - normal breathing
Blood functions (4)
Transport - nutrients, waste, oxygen
Protect - infections, blood loss
Toxic Substances - purify blood via liver
Maintain temperature and pH levels - regulate
Components of Blood (4)
Erythrocytes - transport oxygen and CO2
Leukocytes - Immune and circulatory system, fighting infections
Thrombocytes - blood clots
Plasma - transports blood cells, nutrients etc.
Diastole vs. Systole (2)
Diastole - relaxation phase
Systole - contraction phase
Blood Vessels (3)
Artery - carries blood away from heart
Vein - carries blood to the heart (has valves)
Capillaries - diffusion into cells (1 cell in diameter)
Health Related Components (5)
CV Endurance - provide oxygen to muscles
Muscular endurance - sustain and repeat a movement
Muscular Strength - maximal force
Flexibility - range of motion
Body Composition - proportions of body tissue
Skill related components (6)
Power - strength and speed
Speed - change in position
Agility - direction change
Coordination- smooth flow of movements
Balance - equilibrium
Reaction time - response to a task
Anaerobic vs. aerobic (2)
Aerobic - needs oxygen, lower intensity
Anaerobic - intense, no oxygen
FITT (4)
Frequency - how often
Intensity - heart rate
Time - duration
Type - variation
Immediate response (5)
Heart rate - beats per min, increases quickly before plate
Ventilation - depth and rate per min
prior to exercise it will increase
Stroke - Amount of blood with each contraction
Cardiac output - HR X VR
Lactate levels - build up when doing anaerobic exercise
Balance (3)
Centre of Gravity - where the mass is centred around
Line of gravity - drawn from COG to ground
Base of support - contact points
Fluid Mechanics (6)
Fluid - forces in water/open environments
Centre of Buoyancy - COG that swimmer has
Floatation - ability to float
Resistance - acts against the body
Lift - perpendicular to water flow
Magnus - slight spin can change direction
Newtons Laws (3)
Inertia
f = ma
every action has an equal and opposite reaction
