Core 1 - Disease within Australia Flashcards
acronym - anything disease specific related
need to know GREND
- Groups at Risk,
- Risk Factors & Protective Factors,
- Extent,
- Nature,
- Determinants (SC, EN, SE)
Extent/ nature of CVD in Australia
2nd leading cause of death
- 26% of all deaths
- most expensive disease groups
Coronary heart disease - leading in deaths (13%)
Cerebrovascular disease - 5% of all deaths
- Over 55s account for 75% of the disease
TREND
- fallen by 73% in last 30 years
CVD - Risk/ protective factors
Non-Modifiable risk factors:
- Increasing age
- Family history + genetics
- Gender (M at > risk)
Modifiable risk factors:
- High Blood pressure + high cholesterol
- Smoking
- Physical inactivity
- Diet = less saturated fats + salts
- Being overweight/ obese
Protective factors
- Physical activity
- Nutritious diet low saturated fat, salt, low cholesterol
- Maintaining healthy weight
CVD - Sociocultural determinants
ATSI lifestyle > rates
- family/peers influence behaviour
Media - successful in education on impacts of smoking, etc.
- Health campaigns
e.g. shape up AUS’s successful in increasing awareness
CVD - socioeconomic determinants
Increased education = influences behaviour + health literacy
employment/ income = cheaper, unhealthy foods
CVD - environmental determinants
GEO location = restrictions to tech/ knowledge
- Rural have > death rates from CVD, may be due to linger time for medics to get there
- City have > access to fast food, influences diet
Cancer - nature/ extent
body’s cells become defective and begin to multiply in an uncontrolled manner
- Most common cause of death in AUS accounting for 29% of all deaths
Incidence is increasing but mortality rates are decreasing
Cancer - most common diagnosed (Male/Female)
Most common diagnosed Males:
- Prostate
- Colorectal
- Melanoma
- Lung
Leading cause of death males
- Lung
- Prostate
- Colorectal
Most common diagnosed Females:
- Breast
- Colorectal
- Melanoma
- Lung
Leading cause of death females
- Lung
- Breast
- Colorectal
Cancer - socio-cultural determinants
genetics, history, lifestyle behaviours (food, exercise, etc.)
ATSI = > incidence + mortality
- Media increasing awareness of contributing factors + education the public through promotions such as slip slop slap for e.g.
Cancer - socio-economic determinants
lower education = lower health literacy (higher risk behaviours)
- Income = options e.g. health care services, diet
Cancer - environmental determinants
- Geolocation influences access to health services/ facilities
less access to health services (e.g. breast cancer screening)
Cancer - people at risk
ATSI
elderly (80% of cancer deaths people > 60)
1.6x death for males
outline Skin cancer, types
Occurs when the cells are damaged for e.g. by exposure to UV radiation from the sun
Three main types:
- Melanoma – most dangerous form as has tendency to spread very quickly to other parts of body
- Basal cell carcinoma (non-melanoma skin cancer)
- Squamous cell carcinoma (non-melanoma skin cancer)
Diabetes - what is it/nature/ extent
- When the body creates insufficient insulin, then the glucose remains in the bloodstream and can be life threatening
- 6th leading cause of death in AUS
- over 1mil AUS
Diabetes - Risk/protective factors
RISK
Type 1: family history + genetic makeup (generally uncontrollable)
Type 2: diet high in sugar, physical inactivity, high blood pressure, family history, given birth to child over 4.5kg, mother had gestational diabetes
PROTECTIVE
- Healthy weight, physical activity, medical check-ups, aware of family history
