CORE 1

Question 1

What are protective behaviours? (example)

Answer 1

Factors that reduce the likelihood of poor health when risk factors are present. e.g. seatbelts, sunscreen

Question 2

What are risk behaviours? (example)

Answer 2

Behaviours that increase the likelihood of poor health. e.g. drugs, speeding

Question 3

What are the 4 determinants of health?

Answer 3

• individual (knowledge + skills, attitudes, genetics)
• sociocultural (religion, media, family)
• socioeconomic (employment, education, income)
• environmental (access to health services, geo location)

Question 4

What does knowledge entail?

Answer 4

To have good health knowledge they must know: where to get information, healthy food choices, recommended levels of physical activity, how things affect health etc.

Question 5

What does skills entail?

Answer 5

Access information: critical injury (know who to trust for information), research skills, decision- making, communication etc.

Question 6

What are attitudes?

Answer 6

Negative or positive. Can be achieved positively through resilience, perseverance, self- belief and determination. Within attitude the value of people place on health is pivotal.

Question 7

What are genetics?

Answer 7

Inheritance can sometimes pre- dispose you to particular diseases and health issues

Question 8

What does employment entail?

Answer 8

Status and occupation. E.g. people with physically active jobs, such as a laborer or PT are more likely to complete the recommended time for vigorous physical activity. Or you could be more involved in risk-taking jobs.

Question 9

What does education entail?

Answer 9

Knowledge on what is good for you leads you to exercise more, eat healthier and have good health overall in the 5 dimensions.

Question 10

What does income entail?

Answer 10

People with higher levels of income can afford many of the health care services.

Question 11

What does location entail?

Answer 11

Access to facilities.
e.g. exposure to pollution, limited access to fresh water, foods purchased have had to travel further and have less nutrients in them. Lack of educational or employment opportunities.

Question 12

What does access to health services entail?

Answer 12

Someone with easy access to health services is more likely to have better health outcomes than someone who has to travel long distances or cannot afford to access particular health services.

Question 13

What does access to technology entail?

Answer 13

access to machines and screenings can help prevent disease whilst also helping with early treatment options.

Question 14

What does family entail?

Answer 14

determines many factors of life from a young age, which carries on throughout life to influence aspects of life.

Question 15

What does peers entail?

Answer 15

create environments where individuals adapt to suit the environment, causing them to behave in certain ways. Peers can have positive and negative influences.

Question 16

What does media entail?

Answer 16

has a large power and both positively and negatively influences individual’s health. Advertising can be subtle (E.g. TV shows showing teens smoking makes teens
have different opinions) or explicit. marketing campaigns (quit smoking ads).

Question 17

What does religion entail?

Answer 17

can give people a sense of purpose, and the restrictions can be positive or negative. Spiritual health would increase if an individual found their religion to be suitable
to their beliefs. Could increase protective behaviours. E.g. no sex before marriage.

Question 18

What does culture entail?

Answer 18

traditions and values passes down by family. Increase social health, as provides sense of belonging. Traditional meals. E.g. Mediterranean = lower CVD rates. Medical
limitations. E.g. Chinese Medicine uses herbs, not western medicine.

Question 19

What are modifiable determinants? (example)

Answer 19

something you can change and control

e.g. education, protective measures, diet + environment

Question 20

What are non-modifiable determinants? (example)

Answer 20

something that cannot be changed or controlled to a certain degree.
e.g. genetics (family history), age + gender

Question 21

Is health solely an individual’s responsibility?

Answer 21

Health as a social construct challenges the notion that health is solely an individual’s
responsibility.

As some determinants are non-modifiable, it means it is beyond control.

Individuals have some responsibility. Should seek change and lower risk behaviours.

Question 22

What is health promotion?

Answer 22

The process of enabling people to increase control over their health, which will improve
their health.
e.g. Breast Screen NSW

Question 23

What is the lifestyle behavioural approach to health

Answer 23

• Education to change their lifestyle
• Give up risk behaviours, start protective behaviours.

E.g. National Tobacco Campaign. Quit Now program provides motivation, support and
tips. Effectiveness – 10% decrease in national smoking stats.

Question 24

What is the preventative health approach?

Answer 24

• These involve drugs and technology.

- Focuses on treatment and prevention of disease

Question 25

What is the public health approach?

Answer 25

• Promote health based on knowledge that health has a range of determinants.
• Develops policies, programs and services that create supportive environments for health
• Community health
  E.g. Health promoting schools.

Question 26

What are the 5 action areas of the Ottawa Charter

Answer 26

Develop personal skills, create supportive environments, strengthen community action, reorienting health services, build healthy public policy.

Question 27

What is social justice?

Answer 27

The concept of fair and just relations between an individual and society, as measured by the distribution of wealth, opportunity for personal activity and social privileges.

Question 28

What is equity?

Answer 28

resources are allocated in accordance with the needs of individuals and populations equally.

e.g. supplying additional funding + resources for ATSI communities.

Question 29

What is diversity?

Answer 29

differences that exist between different individuals and groups, such as culture.

e.g. providing brochures in multiple languages and having interpreters in hospitals

Question 30

What are supportive environments?

Answer 30

places where people live, work and play that protect them from threats to health and increase ability to make healthy choices.

e.g. provision of services: community parks, exercise equipment to promote physical activity.