Corban 2 Flashcards
Spinal cord level and corresponding vertebral body Upper c lower C Upper T Lower T Lumbar Sacral
Upper c- same as cord lower C- 1 level higher Upper T- 2 levels higher Lower T- 2-3 levels higher Lumbar: T10-12 Sacral: T12- L1/2
Determining the level of the lesion
If there is sensory loss below the level = spinothalmic tract
-if 2 segments higher = unilateral tract lesion
If at level= bilateral lesion
Cervical cord lesions: Horners syndrome can occur at any level due to damage of sympathetic ganglion. Upper Cord C4-C5 C5-6 C7 C8 Thoracic L2-4 L5-S1 Conus medullaris Cauda Equina
Upper cord Quadriplegia
Weakness of the diaphragm
C4-5 Quadriplegia
C5-6 Loss of power and reflexes in the biceps brachia
C7 Weakness of the triceps, finger and wrist extension
C8 Weakness of finger and wrist extension
Thoracic
Localised by sensory level on the trunk
Leg weakness and disturbances of bladder/ bowel function
T9-10= paralyse the lower but not upper abdominal muscles
lumbar
L2-4 Paralyse flexion and adduction of hip
Weakened knee extension
Diminished patella reflex
L5-S1 Paralyse mvt of ankle and foot
Weakened hip extension
Diminished Achilles reflex
Sacral
Conus medullaris:
Bilateral saddle anaesthesia
Prominent bladder and bowel dysfunction and impotence
Diminished bulbocavernosis and anal reflexes
Cauda Equina: Bowel and bladder changes Low back pain Radicular pain (bilateral sciatica) Asymmetric leg pain , weakness and sensory loss
What are the special patterns of SC disease?
Brown- Sequard Hemicord Syndrome (incomplete lateral hemisection of the spinal cord)
Structures affected Corticospinal tract: Increased reflexes in lower limb Extensor plantar response Spastic leg (UMN changes)
Dorsal column: Ipsilateral loss of proprioception, light touch and vibration
Spinothalamic: Contralateral loss of pain and temp
Anterior spinal artery syndrom
s
central cord syndrome
n
Neoplastic PSinal cord compression
s
Spinal epidural abscess
presents with triad
risk factors?
s
Spondylitic Myelopathy?
s
Subacute combines Degeneration of the cord
s
Multiple Sclerosis?
Symptoms?
j
Types of MS?
s
Cerebrovascular disease s
s
Stroke
s
Stroke vs TIA
causes?
Risk factors?
s
