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ABIOTIC ENVIRONMENT > CORALS > Flashcards

CORALS Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT IS THE NORMAL AVERAGE SALINITY OF NORMAL SEAWATER?

A

34-36 ppt

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2
Q

WHAT IS THE AVERAGE SALINITY OF MIDDLE EAST (PERSIAN GULF, CENTRAL AND NORTHERN RED SEA, GULF OF AQABA AND GULF OF SUEZ)?

A

40 ppt

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3
Q

PERSIAN GULF SALINITY

A

42 ppt

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4
Q

SAUDI ARABIA AND GULF OF SALWAH SALINITY

A

50-70 ppt

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5
Q

RED SEA SALINITY

A

40-45 ppt

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6
Q

WHAT ARE THE THREE CORALS THAT CAN WITHSTAND 50 ppt FOR 1-3 MONTHS?

A

SIDERASTREA SAVIGNYANA
PORITES NODIFERA
CYPHASTREA MICROPHTALMA

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7
Q

CORALS ARE

A

OSMOCONFORMERS

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8
Q

CORAL GROWTH OCCURS DURING?

A

WARM PERIOD AND MAY SLOW WHEN IT BECOMES TOO COLD

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9
Q

THE AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR REEFS

A

27.6 DEGREE CELSIUS

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10
Q

AVERAGE MAXIMUM FOR REEFS

A

29.5 DEGREE CELSIUS

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11
Q

MAX DEPTH OF CORAL REEF FORMATION

A

30-50 METERS

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12
Q

EUPHOTIC ZONE = SUNLIGHT ZONE

A

150 METERS

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13
Q

LONG WAVELENGTHS

A

RED, YELLOW AND ORANGE

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14
Q

LONG WAVELENGTHS CAN PENETRATE

A

15, 30, 50 METERS

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15
Q

SHORT WAVELENGTH

A

VIOLET, BLUE AND GREEN

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16
Q

PENETRATES THE DEEPEST

A

BLUE

17
Q

ARE ESSENTIAL FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ORGANIC MATTER BY PHOTOSYNTHESIZING ORGANISMS

A

NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND VARIOUS TRACE ELEMENTS

18
Q

NITROGEN FIXATION

A

(N2 to NH3/ NH4+ or NO3-)

19
Q

UPWELLING OF NUTRIENT-RICH DEEP WATER CAN CARRY NUTRIENTS TO THE REEF

A

OCEAN UPWELLING

20
Q

PROVIDES A MODEST SOURCE OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FOR CORAL REEFS WHILE TERRESTRIAL RUN-OFF IS THE BIGGEST CONTRIBUTOR OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS TO COASTAL REEFS

A

RAINFALL AND TERRESTRIAL RUN-OFF

21
Q

WAVES, CURRENTS, TIDES AND STORMS ARE IMPORTANT FOR DETERMINING

A

REEF MORPHOLOGY
REEF COMMUNITY STRUCTURE
SEDIMENT DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS
ZONES OF EARLY REEF DIAGENESIS
LARVAL TRANSPORT PATHWAYS

22
Q

THE ABILITY TO WITHSTAND CONSIDERABLE WAVE ACTION IS DUE TO

A

SPUR AND GROOVE FORMATION

23
Q

SPUR AND GROOVE CONSIST OF

A

PARALLEL LINEAR RIDGES OF REEF SEPARATED BY DEPRESSIONS

24
Q

SEDIMENTS HAVE BEEN CONSIDERED AS

A

PRIMARY SOURCE OF STRESS ON CORAL REEFS

25
Q

USED TO SLOUGH OFF SEDIMENT, SO CORALS HAVE TO LIMIT OR SHUTDOWN MOST OF THEIR NORMAL METABOLIC FUNCTIONS IN ORDER TO PRODUCE SEDIMENT-SHEDDING MUCUS

A

MUCUS

26
Q

COARSE FRACTION

A

2mm SETTLES ON THE BOTTOM

27
Q

FINER SEDIMENTS

A

0.0625mm TEND TO REMAIN IN SUSPENSION AND CAN EASILY RESUSPENDED

28
Q

CORAL MECHANISMS USED TO REMOVE SEDIMENT

A

CILIARY ACTIVITY
MUCUS ENTANGLEMENT
EXPANSION OF THE POLYP OR COENOSARC TISSUE

29
Q

TWO FORMS OF CALCIUM CARBONATE

A

CALCITE AND ARAGONITE

ABIOTIC ENVIRONMENT (5 decks)

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