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AWS AI Certified Practitioner Study Notes > Copy Everything > Flashcards

Copy Everything Flashcards

1
Q

What does Artificial Intelligence (AI) refer to?

A

The simulation of human intelligence in machines designed to think and act like humans.

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2
Q

Name three applications of AI.

A
  • Personal Assistants
  • Fraud Detection
  • Medical Imaging
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3
Q

What is Machine Learning (ML)?

A

A method of data analysis that automates analytical model building.

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4
Q

What are the types of data in Machine Learning?

A
  • Structured Data
  • Semi-Structured Data
  • Unstructured Data
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5
Q

Fill in the blank: In ML, the _______ process involves feeding large amounts of data to an algorithm.

A

training

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6
Q

What are the three styles of Machine Learning?

A
  • Supervised Learning
  • Unsupervised Learning
  • Reinforcement Learning
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7
Q

What is Deep Learning?

A

A subset of ML that utilizes neural networks with multiple layers to recognize complex patterns.

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8
Q

What is the structure of a neural network?

A
  • Input Layer
  • Hidden Layers
  • Output Layer
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9
Q

Name two applications of Deep Learning.

A
  • Image Classification
  • Natural Language Processing (NLP)
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10
Q

True or False: Traditional ML requires manual feature selection.

A

True

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11
Q

What is Generative AI?

A

Models that generate new content based on training data.

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12
Q

What are transformers in Generative AI?

A

A model architecture that processes sequences of data in parallel.

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13
Q

Fill in the blank: In Generative AI, _______ encodes the relative position of each token in a sequence.

A

Positional Encoding

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14
Q

What is the difference between few-shot and zero-shot learning?

A
  • Few-shot Learning: Provides a few examples
  • Zero-shot Learning: Performs a task without examples
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15
Q

What are the advantages of using AWS Generative AI Services?

A
  • Accessibility
  • Efficiency
  • Cost-Effectiveness
  • Speed to Market
  • Security and Compliance
  • Meeting Business Objectives
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16
Q

What are some limitations of Generative AI?

A
  • Lack of Contextual Understanding
  • Hallucinations and Inaccuracy
  • Interpretability Challenges
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17
Q

What characterizes Supervised Learning?

A

The model is trained on a labeled dataset to predict outputs for new data.

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18
Q

What are the two types of Supervised Learning?

A
  • Classification
  • Regression
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19
Q

What is Clustering in Unsupervised Learning?

A

Grouping data points into clusters based on similarity.

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20
Q

What is Semi-Supervised Learning?

A

A blend of supervised and unsupervised learning using both labeled and unlabeled data.

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21
Q

What is Reinforcement Learning?

A

An agent learns to make decisions by maximizing cumulative rewards through actions.

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22
Q

What is the difference between Batch Inference and Real-Time Inference?

A
  • Batch Inference: Delayed results for large numbers of inferences
  • Real-Time Inference: Immediate responses to client requests
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23
Q

What is a confusion matrix?

A

Summarizes classification model performance with true positives, true negatives, false positives, and false negatives.

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24
Q

What is Precision in model evaluation?

A

Focuses on the accuracy of positive predictions.

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25
Q

What are the regression metrics used to evaluate models?

A
  • Mean Squared Error (MSE)
  • Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE)
  • Mean Absolute Error (MAE)
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26
Q

What does Amazon Rekognition service do?

A

Deep learning service for computer vision tasks.

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27
Q

What is Amazon Comprehend used for?

A

NLP service that discovers insights and relationships in text.

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28
Q

True or False: AWS provides pre-trained AI services accessible through APIs.

A

True

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29
Q

What is the function of transcription in AI?

A

Converts spoken language into text (speech-to-text)

Includes real-time transcription and captioning for live or recorded audio/video.

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30
Q

What does Amazon Personalize provide?

A

Provides personalized recommendations for customers

Includes product/content recommendations and targeted marketing campaigns.

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31
Q

What is the purpose of Amazon Translate?

A

Neural machine translation for text across 75 languages

Supports real-time translation in chat applications and multilingual content creation.

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32
Q

What is Amazon Forecast used for?

A

AI service for time series forecasting

Includes demand forecasting, inventory management, and financial planning.

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33
Q

What does Amazon Fraud Detector do?

A

Detects potentially fraudulent online activities using pre-trained models

Helps prevent online payment fraud, detect fake accounts, and prevent account takeover.

34
Q

What is Amazon Bedrock?

A

Service to build generative AI applications using foundation models from top AI providers

Supports content creation, image generation, and retrieval augmented generation (RAG) for enhanced model accuracy.

35
Q

What is the main function of Amazon SageMaker?

A

Comprehensive service for building, training, and deploying custom ML models

Enables custom model development for predictive analytics, large-scale data processing, and real-time inference.

36
Q

What is SageMaker Ground Truth?

A

A data labeling service to build highly accurate training datasets for machine learning quickly

Features human-in-the-loop labeling and automated data labeling using machine learning models.

37
Q

What feature does SageMaker Canvas provide?

A

Enables business analysts to build machine learning models and generate accurate predictions without writing code

Offers a no-code interface and automated model generation.

38
Q

What is the purpose of SageMaker Model Monitor?

A

Monitors deployed models in production for data and model quality issues

Automatically detects and alerts on potential problems.

39
Q

Define inference in machine learning.

A

The process of generating outputs from new inputs using a trained model.

40
Q

What is the significance of temperature in inference parameters?

A

Controls the randomness of responses

Higher values increase diversity.

41
Q

What does the term ‘Bias Mitigation’ refer to?

A

Address biases present in training data to ensure ethical and fair outcomes

Strategies include analyzing and correcting biases in training data.

42
Q

What is the role of a Vector Database?

A

Store data as numerical vectors and facilitate efficient lookups

Enhances model capabilities by providing relevant data.

43
Q

What are the core dimensions of Responsible AI?

A
  • Fairness
  • Explainability
  • Robustness
  • Privacy and Security
  • Governance
  • Transparency
44
Q

What does the Shared Responsibility Model in AWS entail?

A

AWS ensures the physical security of data centers, hardware, and networking components

AWS manages the underlying infrastructure, including physical servers and operating systems.

45
Q

What is the purpose of evaluation metrics in machine learning?

A

Assess the performance of models based on specific tasks and requirements

Metrics can include accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, RMSE, MAP, and MAE.

46
Q

What is Few-Shot Prompting?

A

Providing a few examples to help the LLM understand and generate responses better.

47
Q

What is a prompt in the context of language models?

A

A specific set of inputs provided to a language model to guide it in generating an appropriate response or output.

48
Q

What is the function of SageMaker Model Registry?

A

A centralized repository to store, version, and manage machine learning models

Supports model versioning and integration with deployment pipelines.

49
Q

What is the purpose of Amazon SageMaker Experiments?

A

A tool to organize, track, compare, and evaluate machine learning experiments

Features experiment tracking and lineage tracking.

50
Q

What does the term ‘Customization’ refer to in the context of AI models?

A

Modify or extend the pre-trained model to fit specific needs.

51
Q

What is the function of SageMaker Pipelines?

A

A service to build, automate, and manage end-to-end machine learning workflows

Supports workflow orchestration and model deployment.

52
Q

What does Amazon SageMaker Inference Recommender do?

A

Helps select the best compute instance and configuration for inference workloads by running benchmark tests

Provides instance type recommendations and configuration testing.

53
Q

What is equity in AI systems?

A

Ensures equitable treatment across diverse groups

54
Q

What does explainability in AI refer to?

A

Provides clear reasons for AI decisions

55
Q

Define robustness in the context of AI.

A

Ensures tolerance to failures and minimizes errors

56
Q

What is the purpose of privacy in AI?

A

Protects user data and ensures PII is not exposed

57
Q

What does governance mean in AI systems?

A

Meets compliance and risk management standards

58
Q

Define transparency in AI.

A

Clearly communicates model capabilities and risks

59
Q

What is the Shared Responsibility Model in AWS security?

A

Divides responsibilities between AWS and customers regarding security

60
Q

What are AWS responsibilities in the Shared Responsibility Model?

A

Security of the Cloud, including Infrastructure Security and Service Management

61
Q

What are customer responsibilities in the Shared Responsibility Model?

A

Service Configuration and Application Security

62
Q

What is the purpose of Identity and Access Management (IAM) in AWS?

A

Manages access to AWS resources, including user creation, permissions, and MFA

63
Q

Who is the root user in AWS IAM?

A

The initial account with unrestricted access

64
Q

What are IAM policies?

A

JSON documents that define permissions for AWS services and resources

65
Q

What is the Principle of Least Privilege in IAM?

A

Grant only the permissions necessary for completing specific tasks

66
Q

What are IAM groups?

A

Collections of IAM users with shared permissions

67
Q

What is the benefit of using IAM roles?

A

Provides temporary access to AWS resources, reducing risk from long-lived credentials

68
Q

Define identity federation in AWS.

A

Users authenticate through external identity providers to receive temporary AWS credentials

69
Q

What is the purpose of AWS CloudTrail?

A

Captures API calls and events within AWS

70
Q

What does S3 Block Public Access do?

A

Blocks public access to S3 buckets and objects

71
Q

What is the purpose of data encryption?

A

Protects data confidentiality by making it unreadable without decryption keys

72
Q

What is Client-Side Encryption?

A

Customers encrypt data before sending it to AWS services

73
Q

What does AWS Key Management Service (KMS) do?

A

Creates, manages, and controls encryption keys

74
Q

What is the purpose of Amazon Macie?

A

Monitors S3 buckets for data security and identifies sensitive data

75
Q

What is the role of a Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) in AWS?

A

Creates private networks within AWS

76
Q

What are AI model vulnerabilities?

A

Risks such as training data access, adversarial inputs, and model inversion

77
Q

What is the purpose of Amazon SageMaker Model Monitor?

A

Monitors model performance and data quality in production

78
Q

What does AWS Audit Manager do?

A

Maps compliance requirements to AWS usage data and generates assessment reports

79
Q

What is AWS Config used for?

A

Monitors resource configurations and compliance

80
Q

What is the purpose of Amazon Inspector?

A

Assesses security vulnerabilities in applications and containers

81
Q

What does AWS Trusted Advisor evaluate?

A

AWS environment against best practices for cost optimization, performance, security, and operational excellence

82
Q

What is the function of AWS Glue DataBrew?

A

Provides visual data preparation and data quality management tools

AWS AI Certified Practitioner Study Notes (6 decks)

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