copy 3

Question 1

Fill

Answer 1

Question 2

What happens to cortisol, corticosterone, and aldosterone in 21-hydroxylase (P450c21) deficiency and what happens to ACTH and the adrenal cortex and what is a sign of it in women?

Answer 2

cortisol, corticosterone, and aldosterone: deficiency

ACTH increase Adrenal hypertrophy and high amounts of androgen

Virilization of female (masculanization)

Question 3

What factors regulate zonae reticularis, fasciculata, and glomerulosa?

Answer 3

Zonae fasciculata/reticularis: hypothalamic-pituitary axis

Zona glomerulosa: ACTH and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

Question 4

What are the three ways that cortisol uses negative feedback to inhibit CRH?

Answer 4

Negative feedback is exerted by cortisol at three (1) Cortisol
directly inhibits secretion of CRH from the hypothalamus.
(2) Cortisol indirectly inhibits CRH secretion by effects on hippocampal neurons, which synapse on the hypothalamus. (3) Cortisol inhibits the action of CRH on the anterior pituitary, resulting
in inhibition of ACTH secretion.

Question 5

What are the 4 mechanisims that regulate aldostrone secretion?

Answer 5

Renin-angiotensin mechanism – kidneys release renin, which is converted into angiotensin II that in turn stimulates aldosterone release
Plasma concentration of sodium and potassium – directly influences the zona glomerulosa cells
ACTH – causes small increases of aldosterone during stress
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) – inhibits activity of the zona glomerulosa

Question 6

What are the functions of glucocorticoids?

Answer 6

Question 7

What is cushing syndrome

Answer 7