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Patient Centered Care 1 > Coping > Flashcards

Coping Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between adaptive and maladaptive coping?

A 
Adaptive= constructive, addresses situation and resolves it
Manipulative= Destructive, addresses the problem but does not resolve it
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2
Q

How does cognitive development affect coping?

A

Cognitive development is an indicator of how well an individual can understand their underlying issue.
EX: a child may not have the cognitive development to understand what is going on

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3
Q

What is a primary appraisal?

A

The initial evaluation of a situation to understand it.

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4
Q

What is a secondary appraisal?

A

Evaluating the resources available to overcome, eliminate, or reduce the stressor and determine to what extent the problem is controllable

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5
Q

What are some influences to coping?

A

Beliefs, world views, culture, religion, etc.

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6
Q

What is a cognitive assessment?

A

the beginning of responding to stress by evaluating the situation in relation to the individual

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7
Q

What are the two phases of a cognitive assessment?

A
  1. Primary appraisal

2. Secondary Appraisal

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8
Q

What is reappraisal?

A

Evaluation of the response to the coping mechanism and returning to homeostasis

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9
Q

What is adaptation?

A

Your physiological and psychological processes in response to a stressor to survive and thrive

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10
Q

What are the 4 types of coping mechanisms mentioned in lecture?

A
  1. problem-focused coping
  2. Emotion-focused coping
  3. Avoidance coping
  4. Meaning-focused coping
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11
Q

What is problem-focused coping?

A

Evaluating the situation and taking action to eliminate it

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12
Q

What is emotion-focused coping

A

The regulation of emotional response. No attempt is made to address the situation or stressor.
EX: Someone trying to calm themselves down.

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13
Q

What is avoidance coping?

A

Avoiding the situation

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14
Q

What is meaning-focused coping?

A

Drawing on values, beliefs, and goals to modify the personal response
EX: Reading a religious book or praying

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15
Q

What are come consequences for poor coping?

A
  1. A decline in physical health status
  2. Development of mental health problems
  3. Reduction in functional ability
  4. Change in social status
  5. Change in financial status
  6. Change in relationships
  7. Alterations in family dynamics
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16
Q

Who are often at risk for maladaptive coping?

A
  1. people with the inability to accurately assess the issue
  2. People in denial or avoidance of the stressor
  3. An actual or perceived lack of control over the situation
  4. An actual or perceived lack of support
  5. No experience or poor past experiences handling stressful situations
17
Q

What can cause maladaptive coping skills in children?

A
  1. Dysfunctional family dynamics
  2. Unexpected hospital admission
  3. Parents crying over problems or having poor coping skills (It will intensify the child’s problems)
18
Q

Regarding coping how should a nurse care for an adolescent?

A
  1. Establish a good relationship with the adolescent
  2. remember that they are at high risk for poor behaviors
  3. Help them develop coping skills like counseling, meditation, groups, etc.
  4. Intervene early
19
Q

What can cause maladaptive coping skills in older adults?

A
  1. may have cognitive impairment
  2. may lack support and resources
  3. May lack financial support
  4. Less resilient with health conditions
20
Q

Why do people with poor self-esteem seem to generally have maladaptive coping skills?

A

They may be less likely to seek out help

21
Q

What should you do for people who have limited psychosocial resources?

A

Give patients resources for help and prescriptions

22
Q

What are some stressors for children?

A
  1. divorce
  2. abuse
  3. starting school
  4. another sibling
  5. interaction with other children
  6. potty training
  7. Separation from the primary caregiver
23
Q

What are some stressors for adolescents?

A
  1. School
  2. Puberty
  3. Peer pressure
  4. Relationships
24
Q

What are some stressors for older adults?

A
  1. Death
  2. Losing independence
  3. Losing support groups
  4. Isolation
  5. Retirement
25
Q

What are some stressors for adults?

A
  1. Money
  2. Work
  3. Jobs
  4. School
  5. Relationships
  6. Death of parents or children
26
Q

What are some stressors for pregnant women?

A
  1. Body changes
  2. Financial fears
  3. Fear of a miscarriage
27
Q

Give example of positive coping behaviors

A
  1. counseling
  2. physical activity
  3. Education
  4. Relaxation
  5. Massage
  6. Social support
  7. Spiritual resources
28
Q

Give examples of maladaptive coping behaviors

A
  1. Denial
  2. Avoidance
  3. Dependency
  4. Displacement
  5. Emotional outburst
  6. Excessive eating
  7. Substance abuse
  8. Violence
  9. Regression
29
Q

In the history part of the assessment what should the nurse be looking for?

A
  1. perception of the threat or stressor
  2. Past coping problems like alcohol abuse (are they problem-based or emotional-based coping)
  3. What other stressors are involved
30
Q

When assessing past/current medical and social history what questions should the nurse ask themselves or the patient?

A
  1. If someone has had a prior illness, does it affect how they cope now?
  2. Are they a caregiver?
  3. What ethnicity are they?
  4. What is their culture and religion?
  5. What is their marital status
  6. What is their current functional family dynamic?
31
Q

When doing a physical exam regarding coping, what should the nurse do?

A
  1. Notice general appearance
  2. Notice affect
  3. Observation of behavior (is it positive or maladaptive)
  4. Mental status assessment
  5. Use of coping measurement tools

Patient Centered Care 1 (14 decks)

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