Coping

Question 1

Which of the following best defines the concept of coping?

A. A static process that only involves behavioral actions
B. A process focused exclusively on external stressors
C. An ever-changing process involving cognitive and behavioral responses to manage stress
D. The body’s automatic response to physical threats

Answer 1

Answer: C
Rationale: Coping is a dynamic process that involves both cognitive and behavioral responses to manage internal and external stressors​

Question 2

Which of the following is part of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)?

A. Suppression
B. Isolation
C. Exhaustion stage
D. Rationalization

Answer 2

Answer: C
Rationale: The General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) includes the alarm stage, resistance stage, and exhaustion stage​

Question 3

Which of the following is a risk factor for ineffective/maladaptive coping?

A. Young age
B. Limited psychosocial resources
C. Good physical health
D. Strong social support

Answer 3

Answer: B
Rationale: Limited psychosocial resources are a risk factor for ineffective or maladaptive coping

Question 4

Which type of coping focuses on resolving the stressor?

A. Emotion-focused coping
B. Meaning-focused coping
C. Problem-focused coping
D. Avoidance coping

Answer 4

Answer: C
Rationale: Problem-focused coping aims to reduce or eliminate the stressor​

Question 5

During the secondary appraisal process, the individual evaluates:

A. The harm to well-being
B. The resources available to manage the stressor
C. The initial emotional response to the stressor
D. The likelihood of developing an anxiety disorder

Answer 5

Answer: B
Rationale: Secondary appraisal involves evaluating the resources available to cope with the stressor​

Question 6

Select the following attributes of effective/adaptive coping:

A. Ability to perform ADLs
B. Denial of stressor
C. Appropriate communication
D. Calm affect

Answer 6

Answer: A, C, D
Rationale: Effective coping involves performing ADLs, using appropriate communication, and maintaining a calm demeanor. Denial is an ineffective coping mechanism​

Question 7

Select the consequences of ineffective coping:

A. Unsuccessful relationships
B. High level of self-care
C. Stress-related illnesses
D. Employment retention

Answer 7

Answer: A, C
Rationale: Ineffective coping can result in failed relationships and stress-related illnesses

Question 8

Which of the following are examples of ego defense mechanisms?

A. Regression
B. Displacement
C. Isolation
D. Sublimation

Answer 8

Answer: A, B, C, D
Rationale: All options listed are examples of ego defense mechanisms used to cope with stress​

Question 9

Which of the following are positive coping strategies?

A. Education
B. Exercise
C. Alcohol abuse
D. Social support

Answer 9

Answer: A, B, D
Rationale: Education, exercise, and social support are positive coping strategies, while alcohol abuse is a maladaptive behavior​

Question 10

Identify the stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS):

A. Alarm
B. Resistance
C. Denial
D. Exhaustion

Answer 10

Answer: A, B, D
Rationale: The stages of GAS are alarm, resistance, and exhaustion​

Question 11

True or False: Meaning-focused coping involves modifying one’s perception of the stressor through personal beliefs.

Answer 11

Answer: True
Rationale: Meaning-focused coping modifies the perception of the stressor by relying on personal values and beliefs​

Question 12

True or False: The fight-or-flight response is the body’s automatic reaction to emotional stressors only.

Answer 12

Answer: False
Rationale: The fight-or-flight response occurs in reaction to both physical and emotional stressors​

Question 13

True or False: Ineffective coping always leads to the development of a mental health disorder.

Answer 13

Answer: False
Rationale: While ineffective coping may increase the risk, it does not always result in mental health disorders​

Question 14

True or False: Ego defense mechanisms are conscious efforts to handle stress.

Answer 14

Answer: False
Rationale: Ego defense mechanisms are unconscious processes that help an individual handle stress

Question 15

True or False: Cognitive appraisal is a linear process that only occurs once when evaluating a stressor.

Answer 15

Answer: False
Rationale: Cognitive appraisal is a nonlinear process that can occur multiple times depending on the individual’s assessment of the stressor​

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of maladaptive coping?

A. Exercising daily
B. Seeking counseling
C. Substance abuse
D. Talking to friends

Answer 16

Answer: C
Rationale: Substance abuse is an example of maladaptive coping​

Question 17

Which coping strategy focuses on managing emotional responses without addressing the stressor?

A. Problem-focused coping
B. Emotion-focused coping
C. Avoidance-focused coping
D. Meaning-focused coping

Answer 17

Answer: B
Rationale: Emotion-focused coping deals with managing emotions rather than the stressor itself

Question 18

In the crisis model, which phase occurs when all internal and external resources are called upon to resolve the problem?

A. Phase 1
B. Phase 2
C. Phase 3
D. Phase 4

Answer 18

Answer: C
Rationale: Phase 3 of the crisis model involves calling on all internal and external resources to resolve the problem​

Question 19

Which nursing intervention is appropriate for a patient with ineffective coping?

A. Limit communication with the patient to avoid triggering anxiety
B. Encourage the patient to identify stressors and ways to reduce them
C. Avoid discussing feelings with the patient to prevent emotional distress
D. Recommend that the patient remain isolated during the recovery process

Answer 19

Answer: B
Rationale: A key nursing intervention is helping the patient identify stressors and effective coping strategies​

Question 20

Which phase in the General Adaptation Syndrome is characterized by the depletion of resources and potential health decline?

A. Alarm
B. Resistance
C. Exhaustion
D. Recovery

Answer 20

Answer: C
Rationale: The exhaustion stage occurs when the body’s resources are depleted, leading to possible health decline​

Question 21

Select factors that influence cognitive appraisal during stress:

A. Age
B. Developmental level
C. Personal values
D. Physical health

Answer 21

Answer: A, B, C, D
Rationale: Cognitive appraisal is influenced by factors such as age, developmental level, personal values, and physical health​

Question 22

Select the phases of a crisis:

A. Exposure to stressor
B. Increased use of problem-solving techniques
C. Calling on all internal resources
D. Major disorganization if resolution does not occur

Answer 22

Answer: A, C, D
Rationale: Phases include exposure to the stressor, calling on resources, and disorganization if the problem remains unresolved​

Question 23

True or False: Problem-focused coping aims to change the emotional response to stress rather than the stressor itself.

Answer 23

Answer: False
Rationale: Problem-focused coping aims to resolve or eliminate the stressor, not just the emotional response

Question 24

Which of the following best describes the “Alarm Stage” in the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)?
A. The body resists or adapts to the stressor.
B. The body’s resources become depleted.
C. The body responds immediately to a stressor, activating the fight or flight response.
D. The individual begins using problem-solving techniques.

Answer 24

Answer: C
Rationale: The alarm stage is the first phase of GAS, characterized by the activation of the fight or flight response to a stressor​

Question 25

True or False: An individual’s perception of a stressor can influence how they cope.

Answer 25

Answer: True
Rationale: Cognitive appraisal of the stressor greatly influences the coping process

Question 26

Which of the following is a coping mechanism that involves changing one’s own perception of a stressor?
A. Problem-focused coping
B. Meaning-focused coping
C. Emotion-focused coping
D. Avoidance coping

Answer 26

Answer: B
Rationale: Meaning-focused coping involves modifying one’s perception of the stressor based on personal values, beliefs, and goals​(

Question 27

Which type of ego defense mechanism involves attributing one’s own unacceptable thoughts or feelings to others?
A. Sublimation
B. Projection
C. Displacement
D. Regression

Answer 27

Answer: B
Rationale: Projection is the defense mechanism where an individual attributes their unacceptable feelings or thoughts to someone else​

Question 28

Which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate for a patient experiencing maladaptive coping?
A. Readiness for enhanced coping
B. Ineffective community coping
C. Ineffective coping
D. Compromised family coping

Answer 28

Answer: C
Rationale: Ineffective coping is the appropriate diagnosis for a patient who is unable to manage stressors effectively​

Question 29

Which of the following is an appropriate collaborative intervention for a patient with anxiety related to ineffective coping?
A. Referring the patient to a psychiatrist for medication management
B. Encouraging the patient to use avoidance coping strategies
C. Advising the patient to ignore the stressor
D. Recommending the patient stay isolated to avoid stress

Answer 29

Answer: A
Rationale: Collaborative interventions such as referrals to psychiatrists for medication management are appropriate for addressing anxiety related to ineffective coping​

Question 30

Select all that apply: Which of the following are ego defense mechanisms?
A. Suppression
B. Repression
C. Intellectualization
D. Rationalization

Answer 30

Answer: A, B, C, D
Rationale: All of these are common ego defense mechanisms that help individuals manage stress and anxiety

Question 31

True or False: Coping occurs in a linear fashion from the identification of the stressor to its resolution.

Answer 31

Answer: False
Rationale: Coping is not linear and may involve repeated appraisals and adjustments in response to the stressor

Question 32

True or False: Stress can be both an internal and external force that disrupts homeostasis.

Answer 32

Answer: True
Rationale: Stress can originate from both internal sources (e.g., emotions, illness) and external sources (e.g., environmental factors

Question 33

True or False: Alcohol or substance abuse is an example of a positive coping strategy.

Answer 33

Answer: False
Rationale: Alcohol or substance abuse is considered maladaptive coping and can lead to further negative consequences

Question 34

True or False: Problem-focused coping addresses the emotional aspects of stress rather than the actual problem.

Answer 34

Answer: False
Rationale: Problem-focused coping aims to solve the actual problem or stressor, not just manage the emotions surrounding it

Question 35

What is the purpose of cognitive appraisal in the coping process?
A. To automatically respond to a stressor without thinking
B. To evaluate the stressor and assess available resources to manage it
C. To delay the response to the stressor until it worsens
D. To distract the individual from dealing with the stressor

Answer 35

Answer: B
Rationale: Cognitive appraisal helps individuals evaluate the severity of the stressor and assess their ability to manage it​

Question 36

In the four phases of crisis, what happens if resolution does not occur in the earlier phases?
A. The individual will seek professional help immediately.
B. The crisis resolves on its own without further complications.
C. Tension mounts, leading to major disorganization or breakdown.
D. The individual avoids the stressor successfully.

Answer 36

Answer: C
Rationale: If resolution does not occur, the tension can increase to a breaking point, leading to disorganization or a breakdown