Coping

Question 1

Primary control coping strategies

Answer 1

meant to be done in response to stressors that you yourself can control.
ex. studying a lot for a test.

Question 2

Secondary control coping strategies

Answer 2

meant to be used in response to uncontrollable stressors
ex. kids exposed to wars or natural disasters. no tools to pull yourself out of it. so you change yourself to adapt to the stressor

Question 3

Coping Circumplex Model

Answer 3

Organizes coping strategies into 8 categories along 4 dimensions

Question 4

What are the 4 dimensions of the coping circumplex model

Answer 4

1. Problem solving
2. Problem avoidance
3. Positive emotional coping
4. Negative emotional coping

Question 5

circumplex model: efficiency

Answer 5

P+ and E+
trying to solve the problem + trying to make yourself feel better in response to stressor

Question 6

circumplex model: helplessness

Answer 6

P- and E-
avoiding the problem + ruminating on negative emotions

Question 7

circumplex model: preoccupation with the porblem

Answer 7

P+ and E-
desperate to do smtg in raminative way

Question 8

circumplex model: hedonic disengagement

Answer 8

P- and E+
avoidance the problem, doing things that help you feel good, feels good in the moment but does not fix the stressor

Question 9

variability in how people cope: the case of marissa franco, “you know you would have been a slave 100 yards ago right?”. How did she cope?

Answer 9

• suppressed her own emotions for social harmony
  -give up her identity to maintain thee relationship

Question 10

variability in how people cope: the case of kevin nadal, police telling him “you’re gonna keep being pulled over if you keep that flag on your car”. How does he cope now?

Answer 10

• uses support network to heal and move forward
• not internalizing things (like I’m to blame, it’s my fault) but EXTERNALIZING “that has nothing to do with me, and everything to do with them”

Question 11

variability in how people cope: the case of Linda Juang, the song laughing at Chinese and Japanese, her being discriminated at school and now seeing her children face discrimination too

Answer 11

• new emotions now that she sees that happen with her children. mort hurt
• connecting with others who experience discrimination as well
• reading books, hearing stories of others

Question 12

What is culturally embedded coping?

Answer 12

Set of learned behaviours that has a shared meaning among members of a racial/ethnic cultural group

Question 13

What does culturally embedded coping DO NOT MEAN

Answer 13

Does not mean that only members of X or Y group use a strategy and others don’t.

It means more that the type of coping has a specific meaning in a certain group

Question 14

What is radical hope?

Answer 14

• key identity-consistent coping factor among people of color
• a sense of agency to change things for the greater good, a belief that one can fight for justice and that the fight will not be futile

Question 15

What are the 2 dimensions of the framework of radical hope?

Answer 15

1. Faith and agency (idea that positive change is possible + feeling like you can have an impact)
2. Collective memory (passing down stories, history of group, struggles and victories, help inform to move ahead and cope, and create positive social change at the same time)

Question 16

4 parts of radical hope

Answer 16

1. Understanding History of Oppression & Resistance
2. Ancestral Pride
3. Envisioning possibilities
4. Meaning and Purpose (seeing your contribution as meaningful)

Question 17

John-Henryism situation

Answer 17

• steel-driving man, beat the machine, then died from mental and physical exhaustion
• the idea that high effort coping over the years + difficult life situation = damage to cardiovascular system, which can lead to high blood pressure, heart attacks, strokes

Question 18

What do John Henryism and striving (very high effort coping) have in common

Answer 18

the same idea of “I’m going to get things done, persevere, keep going at the cost of everything else”

John Henryism is used to study coping in black population, other minority groups use the term “striving” more

Question 19

What is the interaction between discrimination and john henryism coping

Answer 19

the positive association between racial discrimination and diastolic blood pressure was stronger for those higher in John Henryism coping

throwing fuel on the fire: using john henryism makes the link between discrimination and diastolic blood pressure even stronger

Question 20

What is the achievement/health paradox

Answer 20

-A phenomenon caused by striving/JH and social conditions that lead to striving.

-Structural racism, oppression, chronic stress, and scarcity of resources lead to the socialization of a striving-high-effort coping mentality.

-That behavioral style leads to academic achievement in children, but also in worse mental health, allostatic load, which leads to health disparities

Question 21

What is perseverative cognition

Answer 21

How often and for how long do you still think about past racist event + how much do you think about it when you don’t mean to

Question 22

Study on moderating effect of perseverative cognition found that:
-if have low levels of perseverative cognition, discrimination leads to more depressive symptoms
-if have average to high perseverative cognition, discrimin. was not associated with more depressive symptoms

WHY??

Answer 22

people in the sample are probably engaging in more growth-oriented reflection (vs avoidance reflection), which leads them to problem solve and to come out with a positive mindset, which protects against depressive symptoms

Question 23

Study on moderating effect of BLM activism, discrimination on depressive symptoms

Answer 23

• discrimination only associated with depressive symptoms when support of BLM movement was low
• when BLM support is medium or high, discrimination is not associated with depression. protective!!!

Question 24

True or false: participants did more confrontative coping, less problem-solving , more avoidance, and more rumination when faced with racialized stressors vs non -racialized stressors (less adaptive strategies compared with general stressors)

Answer 24

True

Question 25

Result of study that examines how discrimination predicts future changes in how latinx young adults cope, 6 weeks after

Answer 25

Discrimination at T1 predicts greater pride as a coping strategy and more hard work to cope with discrimination 6 weeks later.