COPD pt 2

Question 1

What are the two main associated conditions with COPD?

Answer 1

1. Cor pulmonale - right ventricular impairment

2. CO2 retention

Question 2

Name 3 symptoms of COPD?

Answer 2

1. Productive cough
2. SOB
3. Orthopnea

Question 3

Name 4 signs of COPD?

Answer 3

1. Wheeze
2. Coarse crackles
3. Dyspnea
4. CO2 retention signs - drowsy/asterixis
5. Signs of RSHF

Question 4

Name 4 bedside tests to Ix

Answer 4

1. Pulse oximetry
2. Blood gasses
3. Sputum culture
4. ECG

Question 5

What would bloods show

Answer 5

1. Full blood count
   - anaemia
   - polycythaemia

Question 6

What are the results of a Chest X ray?

Answer 6

1. Hyperexpanded
2. Flattened hemidiaphragms
3. Sabre - sheath trachea

Question 7

How is COPD diagnosed?

Answer 7

1. Clinical presentation

AND

2. Spirometry - shows as obstructive pattern without reversibility with B2 agonist

Question 8

How is the severity of COPD identified?

Answer 8

Stage 1: FEV1 >80% of predicted
Stage 2: FEV1 50-79% of predicted
Stage 3: FEV1 30-49% of predicted
Stage 4: FEV1 <30% of predicted

Question 9

ABG in COPD

Answer 9

1. Acute CO2 retention - indicated by
   
   1. low pH (acidosis)
   2. raised pCO2
2. Chronic CO2 retention -
   
   2. Raised bicarbonate
      ( in response to chronic co2 retention, kidneys increase bicarbonate to balance)