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CSI Exam 5 > COPD/Asthma > Flashcards

COPD/Asthma Flashcards

1
Q

Drugs for the treatment of bronchospasms?

A

bronchodilators (to treat bronchospasm, albuterol), steroids (to tx inflammation), antihistamines, antileukotrienes, anticholinergic (helps decrease broncho spasm), magnesium sulfate, terbutaline, epinephrine

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2
Q

Signs of respiratory distress

A

wheezing, retractions, tracheal tugging, low O2 sat on O2

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3
Q

Bronchiolitis/Reactive airway disease

A

Children w/ RSV

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4
Q

Obstructive Lung Disease

A

obstruction on exhalation, air-trapping

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5
Q

RSV is very concerning in

A

premature infants, infants < 3mo

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6
Q

What is the initial cause of asthma?

A

airway inflammation (NOT narrowing)

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7
Q

SM has beta___ receptors

A

beta-2

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8
Q

Cholinergic stimulation causes

A

bronchoconstriction

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9
Q

Adrenergic stimulation causes

A

bronchodilation

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10
Q

Spiral shaped mucus plugs in sputum/desquamated epithelium from mucus plugs indicates

A

Asthma

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11
Q

Asthma wheezing timeline

A
  1. End expiratory wheezing
  2. Full expiratory wheezing
  3. Shortened expiratory phase
  4. Inspiratory wheezing
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12
Q

Diagnosis of asthma

A

Pulmonary Function Test: decreased FEV1 that improves w/ bronchodilator
Airway Reactivity: less bronchodilation w/ cholinergics

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13
Q

Asthma Findings

A

wheezing, chefs pain, tightness, dyspnea, cough, sputum, hypoxemia, pulses paradoxus

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14
Q

Severe Asthma Findings

A

Conversational dyspnea, diaphoresis, accessory muscle use, fatigue, hypoxia

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15
Q

First ABG finding in early asthma

A

Respiratory alkalosis -> Normal -> Respiratory acidosis (late asthma finding)

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16
Q

Asthma is a Type __ HSN

A

type I

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17
Q

Croup

A

URI, laryngospasm, steeple sign, seal-like barking cough, narrowed laryngeal space

18
Q

Tripod stance

A

severe asthma

19
Q

Asthma Tx

A

albuterol (beta-2 agonist), corticosteroids, anticholinergic (Atrovent), cromolyn

20
Q

Main stay treatment for asthma

A

Inhaled Corticosteroids

21
Q

Albuterol is used in asthma for

A

attacks to dilate airway (beta-2 agonist)

22
Q

SE of albuterol

A

tachycardia

23
Q

Atrovent is used in asthma for

A

anti-cholinergic (prevents bronchoconstriction)

24
Q

Cromolyn

A

prophylaxis, stabilizes mast cell membrane, must be compliant

25
Q

Real-life Tx for asthma attack

A

Oxygen
Albuterol + Atrovent
Prednisone/Solumedrol (steroid)

26
Q

Real-life Tx for asthma attack for severe attack

A

In addition, give Magnesium or Terbutaline, if really bad condition use BIPAP or intubate

27
Q

Greatest risk factor for COPD

A

smoking

28
Q

First Sx of COPD

A

Dyspnea on exertion

29
Q

COPD CXR

A

hyperinflation (dark lung fields), flattened diaphragm (can see 8-11 ribs), long narrow mediastinum

30
Q

<40y/o w/ emphysema

A

alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency

31
Q

Emphysema pathology

A

destruction of alveoli wall, enlarged air spaces, loss of elasticity, air trapping

32
Q

Panacinar

A

entire acinar - alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency

33
Q

Centrilobular emphysema

A

proximal acinar - smoker

34
Q

Emphysema CXR

A

hyperinflation, decreased vasculature, bullous disease

35
Q

Emphysema S/S

A

thin, pursed lips, pink puffer, barrel chest

36
Q

CO2 retainer

A

Normal pH, High CO2, High HCO3

37
Q

Be careful giving _______ to a CO2 retainer

A

O2 (may decrease their drive to breath), but do not withhold O2 is pt needs it

38
Q

What may happen if you give them O2?

A

CO2 narcosis

39
Q

Chronic Bronchitis Pathology

A

mucosal gland hyperplasia, destruction of epithelium + loss of mucociliary escalator

40
Q

Chronic Bronchitis leads to secondary bacterial infection d/t

A

mucus plugs

41
Q

COPD Tx

A

Albuterol, Atrovent, Prednisone, Solumedrol

CSI Exam 5 (4 decks)

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