COPD AND ASTHMA Flashcards
What drugs are SABAs?
Short acting bronchodilators
Beta-2 agonists:
Salbutamol
Terbutaline
Anticholinergic inhalers:
Ipratropium
When are SABAs used?
COPD AND ASTHMA
How do SABAs work?
3-6 hour relief via medication directly into lungs dilating airways and preventing hyperinflation of lungs
How do SABAs Beta-2 agonists work?
Act on Beta-2 adrenergic receptors causing bronchial passages to dilate
How do SABAs anticholinergic inhalers work?
Inhibit parasympathetic nerve impulses relaxing muscle tissue and reducing spasm. They also reduce mucus production
Side effects of SABAs and LABAs?
Beta-2 agonists:
- nausea
- tachycardia
- tremor
- palpitations
- muscle cramps
Anticholinergic Inhalers:
- dry mouth
- metallic taste
Exercise considerations for SABAs?
Beta-2 agonists: Tachycardia Tremor Palpitations Muscle cramps
Anticholinergic Inhalers:
Tachycardia
Atrial fibrillation
LABAs
Beta-2 agonists
Formoterol
Salmeterol
Anticholinergic Inhalers
Tiotropium
When are LABAs used?
COPD AND ASTHMA
How do LABAs work?
As per SABAs except they last for 12-24 hours and are taken daily or twice daily (morning and evening)
Side effects of LABAs?
Beta-2 agonists: Nausea Tachycardia Tremor Palpitations Muscle cramps
Anticholinergic Inhalers
Dry mouth
Metallic taste
Exercise considerations of LABAs
- exercise capacity and tolerance significantly improved
- breathlessness reduced
- as above (SABAs) for other direct considerations:
B2A Tachycardia Tremor Palpitations Muscle cramps
AI
Tachycardia
Atrial fibrillation
Steroid Inhalers drugs?
Beclometasone
Budesonide
Fluticasone
When are Steroid Inhalers used?
Severe COPD
Asthma
Pulmonary
Fibrosis
How steroid inhalers work?
Reduce inflammation in the airways
Side effects of steroid inhalers?
- Osteoporosis
- Muscle wastage, atrophy of respiratory muscles
- pain and tenderness
- GI Ulcers
- Weight gain
- Bruising
Steroid inhalers exercise considerations?
- increased risk of fracture
- muscle wastage and respiratory muscle atrophy
Oral corticosteroids names?
Prednisolone
When is oral corticosteroid used?
- severe COPD
- asthma
- pulmonary fibrosis
- flare up (severe cases of wheezing or breathlessness)
How does prednisolone work?
Reduce inflammation in the airways
Side effects of oral corticosteroids? (Prednisolone)
- Osteoporosis
- Muscle wastage, atrophy of respiratory muscles
- pain and tenderness
- GI Ulcers
- Weight gain
- Bruising
Exercise considerations of oral corticosteroids?
- increased risk of fracture
- muscle wastage and respiratory muscle atrophy
What is LOT?
Long-term Oxygen Therapy
When is LOT used?
Severe COPD
How does LOT work?
Long-term oxygen therapy works by 15-24 hours per day usage. Increases levels of oxygen in the blood.
Exercise considerations of LOT?
All co-morbidities associated with COPD.
Side effects of LOT?
NA
What is short-term oxygen therapy?
Ambulatory oxygen therapy
When is ambulatory oxygen therapy (short term) used?
Severe COPD
How does ambulatory oxygen therapy work?
Short-term therapy provided during heavy exercise or physical activity.
Side effects of ambulatory oxygen therapy?
NA
Exercise considerations of ambulatory oxygen therapy?
All co-morbidities associated with COPD.
What drug reduces sensitivity to allergens?
Omalizumab (Xolair)
When is Omalizumab used?
Severe persistent allergic asthma (unstable)
How does Omalizumab work?
Reduces inflammation by binding to proteins involved in immune response which lowers the chance of an immune reaction. Injected every 2-4 weeks.
Side effects of Omalizumab?
- Skin irritation
- Headaches
- Muscle pains
Exercise considerations of Omalizumab?
- Dizziness
- Muscle soreness
- Joint Pain
- Fatigue
