Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HARRISON'S PULMO > COPD > Flashcards

COPD Flashcards

1
Q

defined as a disease state characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation that is not fully reversible

A

COPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

anatomically defined condition characterized by destruction of the lung alveoli with air space enlargemen

A

Emphysema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

clinically defined condition with chronic cough and phlegm

A

Chronic bronchitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

condition in which small bronchioles are narrowed and reduced in number

A

Small airway disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Major physiologic change in COPD

A

Airflow limitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

highly stable component of the extracellular matrix that is critical to the integrity of the lung.

A

Elastin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

postulated that the balance of elastin-degrading enzymes and their inhibitors determines the susceptibility of the lung to destruction resulting in air space enlargement

A

elastase:antielastase hypothesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Key component of COPD pathobiology

A

Oxidative stress

NRF2, SOD3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Primary mechanisms in the development of emphysema

A

Elastin degradation and disordered repair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Mechanism of cigarette smoke oxidant-mediated structural cell death

A

Excessive ceramide production and Rtp801 inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Changes in large airways cause

A

Cough and sputum production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Changes in small airways and alveoli

A

Physiologic alterations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

GOLD Stage characterized by extensive emphysema

A

GOLD 3 and 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Results in mucus gland enlargement and goblet cell hyperplasia, leading to cough and mucus production that define chronic bronchitis, but these abnormalities are not related to airflow limitation

A

Cigarette smoking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Most potent secretagogue

A

Neutrophil elastase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Major site of increased resistance in COPD

A

Airways <2mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

COPD cellular changes in small airways

A

Mucus-secreting cells replacing surfactant-secreting Club cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Destruction of gas-exchanging air spaces

A

Emphysema

19
Q

Blood cell that accumulate in respiratory bronchioles of smokers

A

Macrophages

20
Q

Emphysema pattern associated with smoking

A

Centrilobular, prominent in the upper lobes and superior segments of lower lobes

21
Q

Emphysema pattern in a1-AT deficiency

A

Panlobular, lower lobes

22
Q

Emphysema pattern distributed pleural margins with relative sparing of the lung core or central regions

A

Paraseptal

23
Q

Most typical finding in COPD

A

Persistent reduction in forced expiratory flow rates

24
Q

Arterial pO2 remains normal until FEV1 is

A

FEV1 ~50 of predicted

25
Q

Elevation of PACO2 is not ecepected until FEV1 is

A

FEV1 <25% predicted

26
Q

Pulmonary hypertension causing cor pulmonale and RV failure when FEV1 and PaO2 are?

A

FEV1 <25% predicted

Chronic hypoxemia paO2 <55mmHg

27
Q

Most highly significant predictor of FEV1

A

Pack-years of cigarette smoking

28
Q

Most common form of severe a1AT deficiency

A

PiZ, either two Z alleles or one Z and one null allele

29
Q 
Allele associated with normal a1AT levels
A. M allele
B. S allele
C. Z allele
D. Null allele
A

A. M allele

S: slightly reduced
Z: markedly reduced
Null: absence

30
Q

Three most common symptoms in COPD

A

Cough
Sputum production
Exertion also dyspnea

31
Q

Hoover’s sign

A

Paradoxical onward movement of the rib cage with inspiration

32
Q

Hallmark of COPD

A

Airflow obstruction

33
Q

Change in PH in:

  1. Acute respiratory acidosis
  2. Chronic
A
  1. Acute: 0.08 units/10mmHg

2. Chronic: 0.03 units/10mmHg

34
Q

Ventilator failure

A

PCO2 >45mmHg

35
Q

Three interventions demonstrated improve survival in COPD

A

Smoking cessation
Oxygen therapy
Lung volume reduction surgery

36
Q

Primary treatment for all COPD patients

A

Bronchodilators

37
Q

Preferred route of medication delivery

A

Inhaled

38
Q

Main role of ICS in COPD

A

Reduce exacerbations

39
Q

Define frequent exacerbations

A

Two or more per year

40
Q

Only pharmacological therapy demonstrated to unequivocally decrease mortality rates

A

Supplemental O2

41
Q

Eligibility for a1AT augmentation therapy

A

Serum a1AT <11uM (~50mg/dL)

42
Q 
Recommended vaccines in COPD, except
A. Influenza
B. Hib 
C. Pneumococcal 
D. Bordetella pertussis
A

B. Hib

43
Q

Strongest single predictor of exacerbation

A

Previous exacerbation

44
Q 
Bacteria frequently implicated in COPD, except
A. S. pneumoniae
B. H. influenzae
C. Moraxella catarrhalis
D. M. Pneumoniae
A

D.

HARRISON'S PULMO (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions