COPD Flashcards
COPD is the combination of what three disease processes?
emphysema, chronic bronchitis, inflammation
What is emphysema?
abnormal enlargement of alveoli due to wall destruction that causes air trapping in alveoli
Define chronic bronchitis.
presence of cough and sputum for at least 3 months in each of two consecutive years
What happens to airway structure as a consequence of chronic bronchitis?
fibrosis and gradual airway narrowing
Describe the type of airflow limitation seen in COPD.
progressive and persistent
What are two points of contrast between asthma and COPD?
Asthma is reversible, COPD is not. Also, COPD is a preventable disease, while asthma is not.
Which risk factors are avoidable in COPD?
smoking, exposure to irritating particles (smoke, occupational, pollution)
What are the hallmark symptoms regarding COPD diagnosis?
chronic cough, dyspnea, and sputum production
Consider a diagnosis of COPD if the patient: (3 things)
(1) is 40 years of age or older and has any of the hallmark symptoms
(2) has a history of exposure to particles known to be involved in COPD
(3) has a family history of COPD
COPD signs
(1) barrel chest
(2) pursed lip breathing
(3) use of accessory muscles in breathing
(4) increased respiratory rate
(5) prolonged expiration
(6) decreased breath sounds
______ is required to diagnose COPD.
Spirometry (FEV1/FVC < 70% post bronchodilator)
These measurements are compared to normal predicted values.
Outline the 4 GOLD classifications regarding FEV1.
GOLD 1-FEV1 > 80% predicted
GOLD 2-FEV1 between 50 and 79%
GOLD 3-FEV1 between 30 and 49%
GOLD 4-FEV1 < 30% predicted
The four GOLD groups are based on ________ and _________.
symptoms and exacerbation risk
mMRC 0-1 = GOLD groups __ & __
mMRC 2 or more = GOLD groups __ & __
0-1 = A or C
2 or more = B or D
