COPD Flashcards
Oxygenation
What 2 conditions are typically seen in COPD?
Chronic bronchitis
Emphysema
What are COPD patients main drive to breath?
decreased oxygen
What is the main risk factor & cause of COPD?
smoking, including secondhand smoke
What are the 3 causes of COPD?
Smoking
Air Pollution
Alpha 1 antitrpysin
What is alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency?
genetic disorder
not having enough protein
What is the oxygen range that COPD patients need to stay between?
88-92%
What are the 3 steps in chest PT in order? What is given before doing chest PT?
Postural drainage, Percussion, & Vibration
administering a bronchodilator or neb therapy
What are the 5 complications a patient can have when they have COPD?
Respiratory infections
Pulmonary Hypertension
Right-sided HF
Anxiety & Depression
What are 3 things we tell patients to avoid who have COPD?
Avoid exposure to irritants
Avoid smoking
Avoid cough suppressants & sedatives
What are 2 types of breathing exercises we can educate patients with COPD on?
Abdominal breathing
Purse-lip breathing
What does huff coughing consist of?
inhaling while leaning forward & exhaling with a sharp huff sound to keep airways open
What 5 medications are used for patients with COPD?
Immunizations
Antibiotics
Bronchodilators
Corticosteroids
Statins
What are the 3 common symptoms of COPD?
Dyspnea
chronic cough with mucus production
wheezing
How does COPD affect our body?
obstruction of an airway with bronchoconstriction & inflammation
What 3 words can describe COPD?
chronic
progressive
incurable
For vibrations, what device do patients use to loosen secretions?
acapella device by exhaling
For an incentive spirometer, are you inhaling or exhaling?
Inhaling
If a patient is hypoxemic, which 2 oxygen delivery systems would be best for the patient?
nasal cannula or venturi mask
If a patient is hypercapnic, which oxygen delivery system would be the best to give the patient?
Face mask (BIPAP/CPAP)
How is emphysema described? What is the one symptom we relate to emphysema?
destruction of alveoli, reducing surface area & trapping air in the lungs
chronic dyspnea
How is chronic bronchitis described? What is the one symptom we relate to chronic bronchitis?
bronchial tubes become inflamed & narrowed, producing excess mucus
cough
What would we see in the chest xray for a patient with COPD?
Increased amount of secretion
What would we see in their hemoglobin levels for a patient with COPD?
increased hemoglobin
What would we see in ABGs for a patient with COPD?
increased CO2
What would we see in the spirometry for a patient with COPD?
increase in residual air
What would we see in the VQ scan for a patient with COPD?
decreased ventilation with normal perfusion in the lungs
What do bronchodilators do?
relaxes the airways
What do corticosteroids & statins do?
decreases inflammation
What do antibiotics do for patients with COPD?
treats the bacterial infection
What is “barrel chest” and what causes it?
overinflated lungs cause ribs to expand, leading to a barrel-shaped chest due to trapped CO2 and difficulty exhaling
What are the four signs of COPD exacerbation?
SOB
Mucus
chest tightness
wheezes/crackles
