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NUR 112- Exam 1 > Asthma & RSV > Flashcards

Asthma & RSV Flashcards

Oxygenation

1
Q

What are three characteristics that describe asthma?

A
  1. Recurrent episodes
  2. Airway persistent state of inflammation
  3. Shortness of breath
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2
Q

What are the 5 triggers of asthma attacks?

A

airway irritants
seasonal allergies
mold
animal dander
food/drug allergies

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3
Q

What 3 things happen during an untreated asthma attack?

A

Limited expiration airflow (difficulty breathing out)
hypoxemia (low o2 levels in the blood)
hyperventilation (rapid breathing)

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4
Q

What is the key indicator with symptoms occuring at night in asthma?

A

worsening severity

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5
Q

What is one thing we are worried about when a patient is in tripod positioning in asthma?

A

fatigue

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6
Q

How many times is the peak expiratory flow rate used? Which reading would be used? How do you use the PEFR?

A

Performed 3 times & highest reading will be used.
deep breath and exhale as hard as they can

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7
Q

Name two key components of asthma pathophysiology

A

bronchoconstriction
airway edema

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8
Q

What is pulsus paradoxus?

A

decreased blood pressure with inhalation

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9
Q

Which medication is contraindicated in asthma patients?

A

beta blockers

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10
Q

What is the difference between SABA & LABA drugs?

A

Saba provides rapid relief for acute symptoms
LABA is for long-term control and not for acute events

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11
Q

What are the 3 side effects that occur with SABA drugs?

A

Tachycardia
Induced shaking
Flushing

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12
Q

When taking Corticosteroids & NSAIDs what is one action we tell patients they need to do after they take the medication? What does it help prevent?

A

rinse mouth after use
Prevents thrush

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13
Q

When taking leukotriene modifiers (montelukast) what 2 levels might increase if you are taking these meds as well?

A

theophylline
Warfarin

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14
Q

What is the therapeutic range of methylxanthines (theophylline)?

A

10-20

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15
Q

What are the 3 side effects of methylxanthine (theophylline) toxicity?

A

Seizures
Hypotension
Tachycardia

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16
Q

How is thrush described as?

A

fungal infection

17
Q

What is status asthmaticus? What 3 symptoms are associated with this event? What might be required if this happens?

A

life-threatening airway obstruction
cyanosis, wheezing, & respiratory distress
intubation

18
Q

How is RSV described?

A

highly contagious virus

19
Q

What type of precautions does RSV have?

A

droplet

20
Q

What is happening in RSV? Which part of the respiratory system is it affecting?

A

clogs the lower airway

21
Q

What is the primary cause of RSV-related bronchiolitis?

A

inflammation & obstruction of bronchioles due to RSV infection

22
Q

What are the 4 typical symptoms of RSV?

A

flu-like symptoms (runny nose, cough, fever, & thick secretions that can block the airway)

23
Q

What are 2 risk factors seen in RSV?

A

Immunocompromised
Daycare

24
Q

What is a diagnostic test used in RSV?

A

RT-PCR assay

25
Q

What is one important nursing intervention we would like to see with babies per day pertaining to their output?

A

7-10 diapers per day

26
Q

What are the 4 worsening symptoms of RSV?

A

rapid breathing
nasal flaring
sternal retractions
bluish lips/skin

27
Q

What are 2 anti-inflammatory agent meds?

A

corticosteroids
mast cell stabilizers (cromolyn)

28
Q

What is the peak flow range in the red zone? What should a patient do?

A

less than 50%
medical crisis (hospital)

29
Q

What is the peak flow range in the yellow zone? What should the patient do?

A

50-79%
call or go to the doctor

30
Q

What is a name of a leukotriene modifier?

A

montelukast

31
Q

What are 3 things that leukotriene modifiers reduces?

A

Inflammation
Edema
Mucus production

32
Q

What are the 3 medications that can reduce theophylline levels?

A

Barbiturates
Anticonvulsants
Antimycobacterials

33
Q

Why are SABA drugs taken first before any other medication?

A

need to dilate the airway before anything can reach it

NUR 112- Exam 1 (6 decks)

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