Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ClinPhar II Lec > COPD > Flashcards

COPD Flashcards

1
Q

COPD is a ___________ lung condition

A

heterogenous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

COPD is characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms such as _____________

A

dyspnea, cough, sputum production and/or
exacerbation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

COPD is characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms due to abnormalities of the
_________ and/or __________ that cause persistent, often
progressive, airway obstruction

A

airways; alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

T/F: COPD is a common, preventable and treatable

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

T/F: COPD is usually caused by usually caused by significant
exposure to noxious particle or gas

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

COPD causes

A

Smoking, air pollution, dust

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

COPD symptoms

A

Constant shortness of breath,
chronic cough with mucus, fatigue,
chest tightness; worsen over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

COPD may cause __________(permanent/temporary) narrowing due to lung
damage and destruction

A

permanent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Is COPD irreversible or reversible?

A

Irreversible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Usual treatment for COPD

A

Bronchodilators, steroids, oxygen
therapy to manage symptoms and
slowing disease progression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cough and sputum production for most days
over 3 months for 2 consecutive years

A

Chronic Bronchitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Thickened bronchial walls, hyperplastic and
hypertrophied mucus glands and mucosal
inflammation in the bronchial walls and airways

A

Chronic Bronchitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Enlargement of the airway

A

Emphysema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Characterized by permanent destruction of the
alveoli as a result of irreversible destruction of
the elastin that maintains the strength of the
alveolar walls

A

Emphysema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Causes of chronic bronchitis

A

Hypersecretion of mucus
Ciliary dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

increased size
of mucus glands and goblet
cells

A

Hypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

increased cell
or mucus production

A

Hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ciliary dysfunction is an inflammation and damage
impair in the functions of cilia which may cause:

A
  • Decreased motility
  • Decreased length or size
  • Decreased number
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Effects of bronchitis

A
  • Formation of mucus plugs
  • Air trapping
  • Increased risks for infections
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

failure to expel mucus due to
ciliary dysfunction

A

Mucus plug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

accumulation of excessive
mucus narrowing the airways
and obstructing airflow

A

Mucus plug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

decreased
oxygen levels in the blood

A

Hypoxemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

increased
CO2 levels in the blood

A

Hypercapnia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Possible pathogens involved in chronic bronchitis

A

Haemophilus influenzae
* Moraxella catarrhalis
* Staphyloccocus aureus
* Streptococcus pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Emphysema pathophysiology

A

triggers / irritants / pollutants
↓
phagocytosis by macrophages
↓
cytokine production
↓
activation of immune cells like
neutrophils and macrophages
↓
production of proteases like elastase
↓
breakdown of elastin
↓
loss of airway recoil functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

______________ brings back
alveoli to its normal shape and
size

A

elastin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

without _________ = permanent
alveoli dilation

A

elastin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Results to reduced gas
exchange, air trapping, DOB

A

absence of elastin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

prevents elastase to breakdown
elastin, keeping the airway recoil
functions of the air sac

A

Alpha-1-antitrypsin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Types of Emphysema

A

Centriacenar
Panacinar
Distal acinar or Paraseptal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

proximal respiratory
airway

A

Centriacenar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

mostly in upper lung zones

A

Centriacenar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

most common type of pulmonary
emphysema

A

Centriacenar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

distal respiratory
airway; acinus and secondary lobule

A

Panacinar

35
Q

distal
alveoli ducts and alveoli sacs

A

Distal acinar or Paraseptal

36
Q

COPD Risk factors

A

Smoking, Genetics, Frequentung infecton, Indoor smoke, Occupatonal dust and chemicals

37
Q

Most reproducible and objective
measurement of air flow limitation or
obstruction

A

Spirometry

38
Q

Can also be used to assess severity
of airway obstruction

A

Spirometry

39
Q

Used for follow-up assessment in
evaluation of current therapy

A

Spirometry

40
Q

Non-invasive and readily available

A

Spirometry

41
Q

Good sensitivity

A

Spirometry

42
Q

FEV1/FVC =

A

0.70 or 70%

43
Q

a genetic disease increasing the risk of a patient to
lung, liver or skin

A

Alpha–1–antitrypsin Deficiency

44
Q

Not routinely performed but only to rule out other respiratory
conditions that may progress or lead to COPD

A

Imaging

45
Q

T/F: Chest X-ray is not useful to establish COPD

A

True

46
Q

Radiological changes include:

A

lung hyper infiltration;
hyperlucency of the lungs and tapering of vascular markings

47
Q

CT is not routinely recommended except for detection of
__________________ and COPD patients that meets criteria for ______________

A

bronchiectasis, lung
cancer risk assessment

48
Q

Body Paleothermometer or Helium dilution lung volume measurement

A

Lung volume and diffusing capacity

49
Q

Help characterize severity of COPD but are not essential for patient management

A

Lung volume and diffusing capacit

50
Q

Measurement of Diffusing Capacity provides information on the functional impact
of emphysema in COPD and is useful in patients with breathlessness that may
seem out of proportion to the degree of airflow

A

Lung volume and diffusing capacity

51
Q

can be used to evaluate patient’s arterial
oxygen saturation

A

Oximetry and Arterial Blood Gas Measurement

52
Q

Used to assess all patients with clinical signs suggestive of
respiratory failure and right-sided heart failure

A

Oximetry and Arterial Blood Gas Measurement

53
Q

If peripheral arterial oxygen saturation is _____________ arterial or
capillary blood gas must also be measured

A

< 92%,

54
Q

Objectively measures patient exercise or physical activity impairment
caused by airway obstruction

A

Exercise Testing and Assessment of Physical Activity

55
Q

method gives a composite score that is a better predictor of
subsequent survival

A

BODE (Composite score)

56
Q

Objectively measures and evaluates as indicator of normal biological
or pathogenic process or pharmacologic intervention

A

Biomarkers

57
Q
  • Group A
A
  • Bronchodilator (LABA or
    SABA)
58
Q

Group B

A

LABA + LAMA
combination in a single
inhaler therapy

59
Q

Group E

A

LABA + LAMA
combination in a single
inhaler therapy

LABA + LAMA + ICS
* Only if eosinophil ≥ 300

60
Q

Bronchodilators ________ (increase/decrease) FEV1

A

Increase

61
Q

Bronchodilators are most often given regularly to

A

prevent or reduce symptoms

62
Q

The use of __________-acting bronchodilators on regular bases is not
generally recommended

A

short

63
Q

(bronchodilators) = more effective when given in combination

A

SABA + SAMA

64
Q

(bronchodilators) – improves lung function, reduces dyspnea
symptoms and exacerbations and improves patient status

A

LABA, LAMA

65
Q

Relaxation of the smooth muscle of the airway

A

Beta-2 Agonists

66
Q
  • Block bronchoconstrictor effect of Acetylcholine on the muscarinic
    receptor on the air way smooth muscle
A

Antimuscarinic Drugs

67
Q

SAMA

A

Ipratropium and Oxitropium

68
Q

Greater effect on reducing exacerbation, hospitalization

A

LAMA

69
Q

T/F: LAMA is given in combination with LABA, not as monotherapy

A

True

70
Q

Tiotropium, Aclidnium, Glycopyrronium Bromide, Umeclidinium

A

LAMA

71
Q

Most commonly used methylxanthine

A

Theophylline

72
Q

Exerts a small bronchodilation on patients with stable COPD

A

Methylxanthine

73
Q

Requires a larger dose to exert effect

A

Methylxanthine

74
Q

More effective if combined with LABA and LAMA in improving
lung function and health status and reducing exacerbation

A

Inhaled Corticosteroid

75
Q

Only when the patient has medical history of asthma

A

Inhaled Corticosteroid

76
Q

Regular treatment with ICS increase risk of _____________

A

pneumonia

77
Q

Treatment with_____________ improves lung function,
symptoms and health status and reduce exacerbation

A

ICS/LAMA/LABA

78
Q

Long-term used is associated with numerous side effect

A

Oral Glucocorticoid

79
Q

Used in patients with chronic bronchitis, severe to very
severe COPD and history of exacerbation

A

PDE4 Inhibitor

80
Q

Improves lung function and reduces moderate and severe
exacerbation in patients with ICS-LABA medications

A

PDE4 Inhibitor

81
Q

Long-term _______ and _________ therapy reduces
exacerbation over one yea

A

azithromycin and erythromycin

82
Q

Use of ____________ is associated with and increased
incidence of bacterial resistance

A

Azithromycin

83
Q
  • Regular treatment with _____________agents reduces risk of
    exacerbation and relieves cough symptoms of COPD patients
A

anti-mucolytic

84
Q
A

ClinPhar II Lec (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions