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ClinPhar II Lec > Asthma (Drugs Only) > Flashcards

Asthma (Drugs Only) Flashcards

1
Q

β2-Agonists stimulate β2-receptors, activating ______________ -> _____________ cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)

A

adenyl cyclase; increases

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2
Q

β2-Agonists can cause:

A
  • bronchodilation,
  • improved mucociliary clearance
  • reduced inflammatory cell mediator release
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3
Q

albuterol, terbutaline

A

SABA

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4
Q

Lormoterol, salmeterol, Olodaterol, Vilanterol, Indacaterol

A

LABA

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5
Q

SABA duration of action

A

3 to 6 hours

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6
Q

LABA duration of action

A

over 12 hours

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7
Q

prevent cholinergic nerve-induced bronchoconstriction and mucus secretion

A

Anticholinergics Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists

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8
Q

Much less effective than β2 agonists in asthma therapy

A

Anticholinergics Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists

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9
Q

Anticholinergics Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists inhibit only the _______________ bronchoconstriction

A

cholinergic reflex component

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10
Q

only used as an additional bronchodilator in patients with asthma that is not controlled by other inhaled medications

A

Anticholinergics Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists

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11
Q

Ipratropium bromide

A

Anticholinergics Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists

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12
Q

inhibit phosphodiesterase of airway smooth muscles -> increases cAMP

A

Theophylline

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13
Q

Theophylline at _________ dose for bronchodilator effect

A

high dose

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14
Q

T/F: Theophylline has now fallen out of favor as side effects are common

A

True

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15
Q

reducing inflammatory cell numbers and their activation in the airways

A

Corticosteroids

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16
Q

Corticosteroids reduces ____________ in the airways and sputum, and numbers of _____________ and surface mast cells in the airway mucosa.

A

eosinophils; T-lymphocytes

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17
Q

switch off the transcription of multiple activated genes that encode inflammatory proteins

A

Corticosteroids

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18
Q

genes that encode inflammatory proteins

A

cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, and inflammatory enzymes.

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19
Q

Increase expression of β2-receptors

A

Corticosteroids

20
Q

Inhaled (ICS) example

A

fluticasone, budesonide

21
Q

the most effective controllers for asthma

A

Inhaled (ICS)

22
Q

Systemic Corticosteroids examples

A

hydrocortisone or methylprednisolone

23
Q

treatment of acute severe asthma

A

Systemic Corticosteroids

24
Q

Oral corticosteroid example

A

prednisolone or prednisone

25
Q

treat acute exacerbations of asthma

A

Oral corticosteroid example

26
Q

Antileukotrienes Cysteinyl – Leukotrienes examples

A

montelukast and zafirlukast (Antileukotrienes)

27
Q

Block cys-LT 1 -receptors and provide modest clinical benefit in asthma.

A

montelukast and zafirlukast (Antileukotrienes)

28
Q

Given orally once or twice daily and are well tolerated

A

montelukast and zafirlukast (Antileukotrienes)

29
Q

T/F: montelukast and zafirlukast (Antileukotrienes) are less effective than ICS in controlling asthma and have less effect on airway inflammation

A

True

30
Q

Cromolyn sodium and nedocromil sodium

A

Cromones

31
Q

inhibit mast cell and sensory nerve activation effective in blocking trigger-
induced asthma

A

Cromones

32
Q

treatment of childhood asthma

A

Cromones

33
Q

T/F: Cromones are short acting

A

T

34
Q

useful for patients with coexisting allergic rhinitis;

A

Antihistamines

35
Q

reduce admission rate and improve FEV1 in severe, acute asthma exacerbations and in stable, chronic asthma.

A

Magnesium sulfate

36
Q

Magnesium sulfate is administered ____________

A

intravenously

37
Q

Magnesium may also improve respiratory muscle strength in ______________ patients

A

hypomagnesemic

38
Q

using injected extracts of pollens or house dust mites has not been very effective in controlling asthma and may cause anaphylaxis

A

Immunotherapy

39
Q

anti-IgE compound used for severe asthma and concurrent allergies

A

Omalizumab (Xolair)

40
Q

reduce the number of exacerbations in patients with severe asthma and may improve asthma control.

A

Omalizumab (Xolair)

41
Q

administered twice monthly as an injection in a specialty physician’s office

A

Omalizumab (Xolair)

42
Q

symptom relief, or before exercise or allergen exposure

A

Reliever

43
Q

T/f: Controller targets both domains of asthma control

A

True

44
Q

Example of Controller Medication

A

ICS, LABA, ICS-LABA, Leukotriene modifiers, Chromones

45
Q

Add-on Controller Medications

A

Long-acting anticholinergic, Anti-IgE, Anti-IL5, Anti-IL5R, Anti-IL4R, Systemic corticosteroids

46
Q

Reliver medication examples

A

SABA, Low Dose ICS-formoterol, Short-acting anticholinergics

ClinPhar II Lec (6 decks)

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