COPD Flashcards
is a preventable and treatable slowly progressive respiratory disease of airflow obstruction involving the airways, pulmonary parenchyma, or both.
COPD
3rd leading cause of death worldwide accounting for 3.23 million deaths in 2019
COPD
Presence of chronic productive cough for 3 months in each of 2 consecutive years in a patient in whom other causes of chronic cough have been excluded
Chronic Bronchitis
An abnormal permanent enlargement of the air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles, accompanied by destruction of their walls and without obvious fibrosis
Emphysema
Risk factors of COPD
-Cigarette smoking
-Occupational chemicals and dusts
-Air pollution
-Infection
-Genetics
-Aging
An autosomal recessive disorder that may affect the lungs or liver.
a-Antitrypsin (AAT) Deficiency
Purpose of AAT (a-Antitrypsin Deficiency)
AAT protects normal lung tissue from attack by proteases during inflammation related to smoking and infection
Clinical Manifestations of COPD (Early)
-Chronic intermittent cough (Earliest sign)
-Dyspnea on exertion
-Inability to deep breathe
-Heaviness on chest
-Gasping
-Increased effort to breath
-Air hunger
-Rationalization (defense mechanism)
Clinical Manifestations of COPD (Late)
-Dyspnea at rest
-Use of accessory muscles
-Wheezing
-Chest Tightness
Clinical Manifestations of COPD (Advanced)
-Fatigue
-Weight loss
-Anorexia
-Barrel Chest
-Pursed-lip breathing
-Tripod Positioning
-Cor pulmonale
Classification of GOLD 1 is
Mild
Classification of GOLD 2 is
Moderate
Classification of GOLD 3 is
Severe
Classification of GOLD 4
Very severe
Medical Management of COPD
-Smoking cessation
-Drug therapy (Bronchodilators, as ordered)
Bronchodilators for Mild COPD
Use short-acting bronchodilators
Bronchodilators for Moderate COPD
Used long acting bronchodilators
Nusing care of patient taking LABA + ICS Combo
-Have the patient to rinse the mouth after using the inhaler because this will help to decrease systemic absorption and decrease GI upset and nausea.
-Monitor the patient for any sign if respiratory infection.
Bronchodilators for severe COPD
Rofumilast (Daliresp)
Used to decrease the frequency of exacerbations
Rofumilast (Daliresp)
Medical Management for COPD
-Oxygen Therapy
Best method of mask for COPD is
Venturi Mask
Administers precise, high-flow rates of oxygen
Venturi Mask
Tobacco Rregulation Act
RA 9211