CAD Flashcards
Is the narrowing or blockage of the coronary artery, usually caused by atherosclerosis
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Risk factors of CAD in Nonmodifiable Risk Factors
-Family history of CAD
-Age (> 45 years for men; 55 years for women)
-Gender: Men develop CAD at an earlier age
-Race: African American
Risk factors of CAD in Modifiable Risk Factors
-Hyperlipidemia
-Cigarette smoking, tobacco use
-Hypertension
-Diabetes
-Metabolic Syndrome
-Obesity
-Physical inactivity
Is an abnormal accumulation of lipid and fibrous tissue in the lining of arterial blood vessel walls
Coronary atherosclerosis
Involves a repetitious inflammatory response to injury of the artery wall and subsequent alteration in the structural and biochemical properties of the arterial walls
Coronary Atherosclerosis
Medical Management of Coronary Atherosclerosis
Goal: Prevent, modify, or slow progression of the disease
-Health Promotion
-Diet Therapy
-Physical Acitvity
-Drug Therapy
All adults 20 years and older should have a fasting lipid profile performed once every 5 years, and more often if the profile is abnormal
Fasting Lipid Profile
Preparation for Fasting Lipid Profile
NPO for 10-12 hours
Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL)
<100 mg/dl (<70 mg/dl for very high risk)
Total Cholesterol
<200 mg/dl
High-Density Lipoprotein
> 40 mg/dl for males, >50 mg mg/dl for females
Triglyceride
<150 mg/dl
Diet Therapy
Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) Diet
TLC Diet Characteristics
-Decreased consumption of saturated fat and cholesterol
-Increase in complex carbohydrates and fiber
Reduces risk of CAD when eaten regularly
Omega- 3 fatty acids
Without CAD:
Fatty fish (i.e., salmon, tuna) 2x a week as these contain eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)
With CAD:
EPA and DHA supplements together with diet
Intensity aerobic activity for at least 150 minutes per week
Moderate
Intensity aerobic activity at least 75 minutes per week
Vigorous
If weather is hot and humid:
-Exercise during the early morning, or indoors
-Wear loose-fitting clothing
If weather is cold:
-Layer clothing
-Wear a hat
Drug Therapy for Coronary Atherosclerosis
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors Drugs
-Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
-Simvastatin (Zocor)
Therapeutic Effects of HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
Decrease total cholesterol, decrease LDL, increase HDL, decrease TG
Drug Therapy for Coronary Atherosclerosis
Fibric Acids Drugs
Fenofibrate (Tricor)