COPAR Flashcards
an organized effort of people to improve the conditions of community life and the capacity of the people for participation, self-direction and integrated efforts in community affair
Community development
advocates principles of self-help and the voluntary participation.., with technical assistance from the government or voluntary organizations.
Community development
What are the 3 approaches to community development
Welfare
Modernization
Transformation
Causedbybadluck,natural disasters & other circumstances beyond human control.
Assumes that poverty is God give; destined
Welfare approach
Also referred as “project development approach.” Introduces whatever resources are lacking in a given community.
Adopts the western mode of technological development.
Modernization approach
Abandon traditional methods of doing things and must adopt the technology of industrial countries.
Poverty is due to: lack of education; lack of resources such as capital and technology.
Modernization approach
Process of empowering/transforming the poor and the oppressed sectors of society.
Assumes that poverty is rooted in the historical past and is maintained by the oppressed structures in society- exploitation, oppression, domination and other unjust structures.
Transformatory approach
What is the meaning of COPAR
Community organizing participatory action research
A social development approach that aims to transform the apathetic, individualistic, and voiceless poor into a dynamic, participatory, and politically responsive community.
COPAR
a process by which a community identifies its needs and objectives, develops confidence to take action in respect to them and in doing so, extends and develops cooperative and collaborative attitudes and practices in the community
COPAR
What is the importance of COPAR
Empowerment
Taking over
Maximizes/mobilizes
TRUE OR FALSE
Principles of COPAR
People are open to change, have the capacity to change, and are able to bring about change.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE
Principles of COPAR
Based on interests of the poorest sectors of society.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE
Principles of COPAR
Lead to a self-reliant community and society
TRUE
What are the 4 process/methods used in COPAR
Progressive cycle of action reflection action (ARA)
Conscious raising
Participatory and mass-based
Group centered and not leader oriented
What are the 4 phases of COPAR
Pre entry phase
Entry phase
Organization building phase
Sustenance and strengthening phase
Phase out phase
It is the initial phase of the organizing process. Community Organizer (CO) looks for communities to serve/help.
This is the simplest phase in terms of actual outputs, activities, and strategies and time spent for it.
PRE – ENTRY PHASE
Designing a plan for community development, criteria for site selection, actual selection of site, community profiling
PRE-ENTRY PHASE
What is the area selection guide?
1.Economically depressed.
2.A relative concentration of poor families.
3.Population of 10,000 and above. 4.No hospital but with RHU and BHS. 5.Accessibility of transportation
6. No strong resistance
7.Peace and order
8.Rural community- top priority. 9.with adjacent barangays.
Contact person- (well- known, accepted) who identifies other persons who can be depended.
Demographic characteristics
Basic cultural practices and lifestyle
Community and health services and facilities
Community profiling
Meeting and courtesy call to the LGU of the selected site
Meeting with the “will be” foster parents of the healthcare students
Presenting objectives and plans
Setting the target date of immersion, exposure, and departure
PRE ENTRY PHASE
§ 3-6 weeks immersion
§ 8 hours a day
§ 5-6 days a week
IDEAL COPAR
§ 2-4 weeks depending on the time allotted by the school
§ 8-16 hours a week
PRACTICED COPAR
What is the host family criteria?
- Strategically located in the barangay.
- Do not belong to the rich segment.
- Respected by both formal and informal leaders of the community.
- Neighbors not hesitant to enter.
- No disruptions of usual doings.
• signalstheactual entry of the community worker/organizer into the community.
• Sometimes called the social preparation phase.
ENTRY PHASE
Establishrapportandtrust.
Sensitization of the people on the critical events of their lives.
Motivating them to share their dreams and ideas on how to manage their concerns.
Mobilizing them to take collective action on this
ENTRY PHASE
• Recognize the role of local authorities.
• Adopt and maintain a low- key profile.
• Be clear in objectives and limitations.
• Participate directly in production process.
• Make house calls and seek out where they usually gather (stores, waiting sheds, watersheds etc)
• Socialize
ENTRY PHASE
What are the recommended activities for Entry Phase?
§ CourtesycalltotheMayor,orthe local government leader on the selected site.
§ Meetingwiththefosterfamily.
§ Meetingwiththecommunity
officials and residents.
§ Generalassembly.
§ Preparationofthesurveyforms.
§ Actualsurvey.
§ Analysisofthedatagathered.
§ Appreciatingtheenvironment.
• It entails the formation of more formal structures and the inclusion of more formal procedures of planning, implementing, and evaluating community-wide activities.
• Organized leaders or groups are given trainings (formal, informal, OJT) to develop their KSA in managing their own concerns/programs.
ORGANIZATION BUILDING PHASE
What are the recommended activities for Organization-Building Phase?
• Meeting with the officials
• Identifying the problems.
• Spreading awareness and soliciting solution or suggestion.
• Analysis of presented solution.
• Planning of the activities.
• Organizing the people to build their own organization.
• Registration of the organization (legal purposes).
• Implementations projects/programs.
• Evaluation.
§ CommunityOrganizationhas been established.
§ Communitymembersare actively participating in the community-wide undertakings.
§ Differentcommitteesset-upin the organization.
§ Buildingphasearefunctional: planning, implementing, and evaluating their own programs, with the overall guidance from the community wide organization.
SUSTENANCE AND STRENGTHENING PHASE
What are the recommended activities for Sustenance and Strengthening Phase?
§ Meetingwiththeorganizational leaders.
§ Evaluatingtheprograms.
§ Re-implementationofthe
programs (for unmet goals).
§ Educatingandtraining.
§ Networkingandlinking.
§ Conductofmobilizationof health and development concerns.
§ Implementationoflivelihood projects.
§ Developingsecondaryleaders
• Healthcare workers leave the community to stand alone.
• Should be stated during the entry phase so that the people will be ready.
• The organizations built should be ready to sustain the test of the
community itself because the real evaluation will be done by the residents itself.
PHASE OUT PHASE
§ CO becoming one with the people in order to:
§ immerse himself in the poor community
§ understand deeply the culture, economy, leaders, history, rhythms, and lifestyle in the community
Integration
What are the steps in building people’s organization?
- Integration
- Social Investigation
- Program Planning
- Groundwork
- Evaluation
7.Mobilization - Role Play
- Meeting
- Reflection
- Organization
participation in direct production activities of the people
conduct of house-to-house visits
participation in activities like birthdays, fiestas, wakes, etc.
conversing with people where they usually gather such as in stores, water wells, washing streams, or in churchyards
helping out in household chores like cooking, washing the dishes, and etc.
INTEGRATION
§ it is a systematic process of collecting, collating, analyzing data to draw a clear picture of the community
§ also known as the community study
Social investigation
community organizer choose one issue to work on in order to begin to organize the people
Tentative program planning
going around and motivating the people on a one on one basis to do something on the issue that has been chosen
Groundwork
people collectively ratifying what they have already decided individually
the meeting gives the people the collective power and confidence
Problems and issues are discussed
The meeting
meanstoactoutthemeeting that will take place between the leaders of the people and the government representatives
It is a way of training the people to anticipate what will happen and prepare themselves for such eventually
Role play
Actualexperienceofthe people in confronting the powerful and the actual exercise of people power
Mobilization
The people reviewing the steps 107 so as to determine whether they were successful or not in their objectives
Evaluation
§ Dealingwithdeeper,on- going concerns to look at the positive values CO is trying to build in their organization
§ Itgivesthepeopletime to reflect on the stark reality of life compared to the ideal
Reflection
§ It is the result of many successive and similar actions of the people
§ Afinalorganizational structure is set up with elected officers and supporting members
Organization
keeps a written account of services rendered, observations, conditions, needs, problems, and attitudes of the clientele in community development activities, accomplishments made
Community worker
Refers to forms on which information pertaining the client is noted
Records
Refers to periodic summaries of the services/activities of an organization/unit or the analysis of certain phases of work
Reports
