Coordination Systems Flashcards
What are the body systems (11)
- skeletal
- muscular
- nervous
- endocrine
- cardiovascular
- lymphatic
- respiratory
- digestive
- urinary
- intergumentary
- reproductive system
What is an organism with 1 cell and more than 1 caled
unicellular and multicellular
What do all living things do?
Extract Energy from their food.
Excrete
Grow
Reproduce
Respond
Structure of multicellular organisms in the body
cells>tissues>organs>organ systems
What is CNS?
Brain and spinal cord
What is PNS?
All nerve cells carrying info to or from the CNS
What are some important hormones?
Growth hormone - pituitary gland
thyroxin - thyroid gland (speed in chemical reactions in cells)
Insulin - pancreas (blood sugar levels)
Testostorone
How does the body react to stimulus?
Stimuls > Receptor > Control Centre > Effector > Response
Electrical impulses are sent in the nervous system and hormons are released in the endocrine system.
Difference between a reflex and reaction.
In a reaction, the the stimulus is first sent to the brain to get a response, and a reflex, signal of the stimulus ony reach the spinal chord (making it quicker).
What’s homeostasis?
The state of balance withing the physical systems for a body to function properly. Changes are made for the human to adapt to a stimulus to maintain the optimal conditions for cell function. Maintains optimal conditions for enzyme action throughout the body. Internal changes to match the external environment. Negative feedback loops are often used.
Examples of homeostasis?
- blood glucose concentration
- body temperature
- water levels
- blood ph
- oxygen and CO2 levels
Whats set point?
The target range that is required for homeostasis.
What do enzymes do?
Increase the speed of chemical reactions.
What receptors does the skin have?
Thermoreceptors
What does the pancreas do?
Creates insulin to manage blood glucose levels.
What are effectors?
Muscles or glands
What is the centre of homeostasis?
Hypothalamus because thats where the nervous system and endocrine system meet.
What hormones are released from the pancreas to manage glucose?
Insulin when it’s too high - glucagon when it’s too low.
What’s the endocrine system?
Consists of tissues and organs and works with the nervous system to maintain homeostasis by releasing hormones into the bloodstream.
What’s a negative feedback loop + examples?
A reaction or action the body does to maintain homeostasis. Examples include sweating, shivering and blood sugar regulation.
What’s a positive feedback loop + examples?
The amplification of a change in the body, such as labour contractions and breastfeeding.
Things hormones control?
- mood
- metabolism
- growth
- blood sugar levels
- blood pressure
- sexual function
- reproduction
What’s the adrenal medulla?
Makes chemical such as adrenaline and noreadrenaline (fight or flight) and comes from the adrenal glands.
Where is a hormone made and destroyed?
Produced by a gland and alters the activity of target organs and is destroyed by a Liver
Important hormones:
Adrenaline, Insulin and ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone) from pituitary gland to kidney controls water content of blood.
What’s the master gland?
Pituitary gland
Types of response of nervous system and hormonal?
Nervous - electrical. impulse (chemical at synapse) to muscle contraction/secretion
Hormonal - Chemical change
Major parts of brain
Forebrain - cerebrum, thalamus, hypothalamus
Midbrain - brainstem
Hindbrain - mendulla, cerebellum
What is the peripheral nervous system split into?
Autonomic - involuntary actions or functions
Somatic - voluntary actions
What is the Autonomic system split into?
Sympathetic - Fight or flight
Parasympathetic - Rest, digest
