Atomic Theory Flashcards
What’s an atom?
The simpest form of matter that can take part in a chemical reaction. They make up everything.
What’s a proton?
A positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom. They determine the element the atom is.
What’s a neutron
An uncharged particle found in the nucleus of an atom. It contributes to the atomic mass.
What’s an electron?
Negatively charged particles that orbit the nuclei of atoms. They determine the reactivity of an atom.
What’s a photon?
Packet of light energy in the form of particles or waves (related to gamma decay).
What’s an ion?
An atom with a positive or negative charge.
What’s an isotope
Atoms of any element that have a different amount of particles (protons and neutrons) in it’s nucleus.
What is group 1 called?
Alkali Metals
What’s group 17/7 called?
Halogens
What’s group 18/8 called?
Noble gases
4-12 groups are called…
Transition metals
What are most elements
Metals
What types of elements are there?
Metals, metalloids, non-metals
What’s group 2?
Alkaline-earth metals
Where are halogens?
Group 7/17
Where are noble gases?
Group 8/18
Whats atomic number?
The number of protons in an atom. It is arranged from smallest to largest on the periodic table - and it determines the element.
Groups are vertical, so what do you call the horizontals rows?
Periods.
What’s an ionic bond?
Force of attraction that holds together positive and negative ions. It forms when atoms of a metallic element give up electrons to atoms of a nonmetallic element. (donates) only between metals and non-metals.
What are ionic compounds?
Compounds in which electrons are transferred from one atom to another are called ionic compounds. In this type of compound, electrons move between the atoms, rather than being shared. When atoms give up or accept electrons in this way, they become ions. Generally form between metals nonmetals.
What’s a covalent bond?
A covalent bond is the force of attraction that holds together atoms and share valence electrons. The shared electrons are attracted both nuclei. Covalent bonds form only between atoms of nonmetals.
What’s a covalent compound?
Covalent compounds contain two or more nonmetallic elements held together by covalent bonds.
What are the inert gases?
Noble gases.
