Coordination And Respons

Question 1

What happens when the internal body temperature gets too cold? [6 marks]

Answer 1

Change is detected by temperature receptors in the skin and in the thermoregulatory centre.
Impulses are sent to the thermoregulatory centre to organise a response.
Thermoregulatory centre send electrical impulse to effectors to warm the body.
Any 3 from:
Sweat production stops.
Vasoconstriction/ blood vessels constrict.
Hairs stand on end.
Automatic muscle contractions (shivering)

Question 2

Discuss the ways the body can cool itself down and how.[5]

Answer 2

-vasodilation of blood vessels
-lets blood flow closer to the skin
-transfers heat to surroundings
-sweat
-evaporates—> transfers energy to environment

Question 3

Explain why core temp rises when you have an infection.[1]

Answer 3

Because antibodies are destroying pathogens

Question 4

Explain the effects of respiration of cells if they become too cold.[3]

Answer 4

Cells begin to die and enzymes can’t function so core temperature begins to fall.

Question 5

Explain how the body can keep warm.[6]

Answer 5

Vasoconstriction - blood vessels constriction
Stops heat loss to environment
Reduce blood flow to skin surface
Sweat production reduced/ stopped
Prevents loss of energy to environment
Skeletal muscles contract/relax rapidly
Shivers - Raises body temperature

Question 6

How does adrenaline prepare the body for action?

Answer 6

-an increase in heart rate and breathing rate which ensures glucose and oxygen can be delivered to muscle cells at a faster rate(and CO2 removed)
-diverting blood flow towards muscles and away from non essential parts of body such as alimentary canal-ensures an increased supply of glucose and oxygen for respiration
-dilation of blood vessels inside muscles-ensures more blood can circulate through them to supply more glucose and oxygen
-break down of stored glycogen to glucose in the liver and ensures higher blood glucose concentration for increased respiration in muscle cells providing greater energy for movement.

Question 7

How does insulin control blood glucose concentration when it gets too high?

Answer 7

-cells in the pancreas detect the increases blood glucose levels.
-the pancreas produces the hormone insulin, secreting it into the blood.
-insulin stimulates muscles and the liver to take up glucose from the bloodstream and store it as glycogen.
-this reduces the concentration of glucose in the blood back to normal levels, at which point the pancreas stops secreting insulin.