Coordinated vascular responses

Question 1

Where is the cardiovascular centre located?

Answer 1

Medulla oblongata

Question 2

How does cardiovascular centre regulate cardiac and vascular activity?

Answer 2

Through nervous and endocrine system

Question 3

What does the cardiovascular centre regulate?

Answer 3

HR and SV, BV diameter

Question 4

Where does the cardiovascular centre receive signals from?

Answer 4

Cerebral cortex, limbic system and hypothalamus

Question 5

What type of receptors monster joint movements?

Answer 5

Proprioceptors

Question 6

What receptors monitor blood acidity?

Answer 6

Chemoreceptors

Question 7

What receptors monitor BP?

Answer 7

Baroreceptors

Question 8

What neurotransmitters are used in sympathetic pathways?

Answer 8

Adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine

Question 9

What neurotransmitters are used in parasympathetic pathways?

Answer 9

Acetylcholine

Question 10

What receptors control the effects of the parasympathetic and sympathetic pathways?

Answer 10

G coupled receptors

Question 11

How does the sympathetic NS increase contractility in cardiomyocytes?

Answer 11

Noradrenaline stimulates adrenoreceptors, this activates G coupled receptor which activates adenylcylase which phosphorylated phospholamban which inhibits SERCA (more Ca2+ out), this causes a positive ino/chronotropic effect and increase contractility

Question 12

What is humeral control?

Answer 12

Hormonal

Question 13

What is the effect of angiotensin II on vasculature?

Answer 13

Vasoconstriction

Question 14

What is the effect of lying down on circulation?

Answer 14

Blood is every distributed in veins this increases central venous pressure and EDV, this increases SV which increases pulse pressure and BP

Question 15

What is VR?

Answer 15

Venous return - the volume of blood returning to right side of heart

Question 16

Describe the events if inspiration?

Answer 16

Diaphragm contracts and rid cage moves up and out.

Thoracic cavity volume increases, pressure decreases, air pulled into lungs

Question 17

What allows blood to be pumped up the veins in the leg?

Answer 17

Skeletal muscle contraction

Question 18

Hypoxia:

a) increases pulmonary and systemic circulation
b) increases pulmonary and decreases systemic circulation
c) decreases pulmonary and increases systemic circulation
d) decreases pulmonary and systemic circulation

Answer 18

b

Question 19

What occurs during the red line reaction (step 1) of response of lewis?

a) spreading redness beyond the red line due to axon reflex
b) local vasodilation due to the release of histamine
c) local swelling due to increased capillary permeability due to histamine release

Answer 19

b

Question 20

What is the effect of phospholamban phosphorylation in cardiomyocytes?

a) positive ino/chronotropic effect - increase contractility
b) negative ino/chronotropic effect - increase contractility
c) negative ino/chronotropic effect - decrease contractility
d) positive ino/chronotropic effect - decrease contractility

Answer 20

a

Question 21

How does lying down effect SV?

Answer 21

Increase