Cooperation & Altruism Flashcards
What is cooperation ?
(Action)
Is an action that can be mutally helpful and have immediate benefits for both parties or it can postpone the benefits for one of the coorporators.
What are the Disadvantages of Cooperating?
(Numbers)
Animals must be grouped or live in close proximaty to each other and therefore there can be an ;
* Increase in conflict
* Increase changes of parasites or diseases being spread.
What are some examples of cooperation?
- Haunting in packs (wild dogs)
- Grouping (safty in numbers) (buffalos)
- Protection (dolphins)
What are the advantages of cooperating?
- In grouping animals - it reduces sucessful predation by forming a denfense cirle e.g., seen in buffalo.
- In haunting in packs animals - Increase kill sucess, able to kill larger animals, and a better strategy in haunting (attacking from behind and sieving out the weak of the prey).
- Protection- seen in dolphins, they protect their mothers during birth. Help increase survival of young and help young to breathe or surface.
What are the types or categories of social interaction between two individuals of the same species?
(there are 7 categories).
- Cooperation
- Postprone Cooperation
- Reciprocity
- Maladaptive altruism
- Adaptive altruism
- Spite
- Deceptive or manipulative
Which individual is the helper?
(A or B)
A
State the payoffs of each individual for each category of social interaction.
Category Individual A (helper) Individual B
Cooperation Gain direct fitness Gain direct fitness
Postpone Cooperation Gain direct fitness (delayed) Gain direct fitness
Reciprocity Gain direct fitness (delayed) Gain direct fitness
Maladaptive Altruism Loss inclusive fitness Gain direct fitness
Adaptive Altruism Gain indirect fitness Gain direct fitness
Spite Loss inclusive fitness Loss inclusive fitness
Deceit and Manipulation Loss inclusive fitness Gain inclusive fitness
Is a helpful behavior where the helper reproductive sucess reduces while the individual that is being helped reproductive sucess increases.
(Think about the category)
Altruism
The process of natural selection that occurs when hereditarily distinct individuals differ in the number of surviving offspring they produce or number of genes they pass on to subsequent generations.
( what is it?)
Direct Selection
A measure of the reproductive or genetic success of an individual based on the number of its offspring that live to reproduce.
Direct fittness
The process that occurs when hereditarily distinct individuals differ in the number of non-descendant relatives (not their own offspring) they help survie to reproduce.
Kin Selection or Indirect selection.
A measure of genetic success of an altruisic individual based on the number of relatives (or genetically similar individuals) that the altruist helps reproduce that would otherwise have not surivive to do so.
Indirect fitness
A total measure of an individual’s contribution of genes to the next generation by direct and or indirect selection.
Inclusive fitness
The process that occurs when groups differ in their collective attributes and the differences affect the survival changes of the group.
Group selection
An inherited behavior patter that is in competition with other hereditarily different behavior patterns in ways that have hte poten to affect an individuals’ inclusive fittness.
Behavioral strategy.
