Conversion, Training etc

Question 1

What is Direct Changeover in system conversion?

Answer 1

Old system is immediately replaced with new system on a specified date.

Question 2

Advantages of Direct Changeover

Answer 2

Avoids extra work/cost of parallel operations, useful when dual operation is difficult.

Question 3

Disadvantages of Direct Changeover

Answer 3

High risk, potential delays if errors occur, user resistance, no comparison method.

Question 4

What is Parallel Conversion in system implementation?

Answer 4

Both old and new systems operate simultaneously for one or more business cycles.

Question 5

Advantages of Parallel Conversion

Answer 5

Safe approach with backup available, provides security.

Question 6

Disadvantages of Parallel Conversion

Answer 6

Extra workload for staff, costly, requires output comparison.

Question 7

What is Gradual Changeover in system implementation?

Answer 7

Introduces new system in phases, increasing transaction volume gradually.

Question 8

Advantages of Gradual Changeover

Answer 8

Tests system with limited disruption, allows gradual user adaptation.

Question 9

Disadvantages of Gradual Changeover

Answer 9

Long implementation timeline, not suitable for small systems.

Question 10

What is Modular Prototype Conversion?

Answer 10

Implements modules individually as they’re completed and accepted.

Question 11

Advantages of Modular Prototype Conversion

Answer 11

Good for large systems, thorough testing of each module, gradual user familiarization.

Question 12

Disadvantages of Modular Prototype Conversion

Answer 12

Time-consuming, requires interface programming between old/new components.

Question 13

What is Distributed Conversion?

Answer 13

Implements complete system at one site before expanding to others.

Question 14

Advantages of Distributed Conversion

Answer 14

Gain experience, resolve issues before company-wide implementation.

Question 15

Disadvantages of Distributed Conversion

Answer 15

Each site has unique challenges requiring adaptation.

Question 16

What is Agile Conversion?

Answer 16

Iterative development with incremental releases based on customer priorities.

Question 17

Advantages of Agile Conversion

Answer 17

Continuous delivery, emphasis on people over process, adaptability to change.

Question 18

Disadvantages of Agile Conversion

Answer 18

Difficult effort estimation, limited documentation, requires experienced programmers.

Question 19

What is a User Manual?

Answer 19

Instructions for installation and usage organized around tasks; focuses on step-by-step usage.

Question 20

What is an Operations Manual?

Answer 20

Detailed instructions for equipment operation, installation, and troubleshooting; for engineers or technicians.

Question 21

What is a Training Manual?

Answer 21

Teaches new skills, may be self-paced or instructor-led; builds from basic to advanced.

Question 22

Who should be trained in training strategies?

Answer 22

All primary and secondary system users.

Question 23

How should users be segmented for training?

Answer 23

By skill level and job interests.

Question 24

What training methods should be used?

Answer 24

Lectures, demonstrations, hands-on practice, and self-study; customized to user needs.

Question 25

What factors influence training site selection?

Answer 25

Training objectives, cost, availability, and site type (vendor, in-house, rented).

Question 26

What are examples of understandable training materials?

Answer 26

Operating manuals, case studies, equipment prototypes, sample outputs, online tutorials.

Question 27

What are the benefits of software maintenance?

Answer 27

Reduced feature cost, time savings, adaptability, improved security, focus on growth.

Question 28

What does Corrective Maintenance involve?

Answer 28

Fixing faults; common in the first 6 months.

Question 29

What does Adaptive Maintenance involve?

Answer 29

Making changes due to external/internal changes in the environment.

Question 30

What are the 4 maintenance activities?

Answer 30

Corrective Adaptive Preventative Perfective

Question 31

What does Perfective Maintenance involve?

Answer 31

Improving system aspects even without faults.

Question 32

What does Preventative Maintenance involve?

Answer 32

Making changes to prevent potential failures.

Question 33

What are responsibilities of a maintenance team?

Answer 33

Understand system, manage docs, extend functions, diagnose issues, answer questions, refactor code, manage changes.

Question 34

What are common staff-related maintenance challenges?

Answer 34

Limited understanding, shifting priorities, morale issues.

Question 35

What are technical problems in software maintenance?

Answer 35

Legacy equipment, poor design, testing difficulty, costly maintenance, compromises.

Question 36

What are key challenges in software maintenance?

Answer 36

High costs (60-80% of lifecycle), impact analysis, locating bugs, adapting to tech, program comprehension time.