Controversies in intelligence Flashcards
Recap G, MI, EI
G:
- Emphasis on nature
- Excludes certain abilities such as dexterity
- Could be reductive
- Some abilities does correlate well
- Performance in one facet predict performance in others
MI
- Emphasis on nurture
- No way to measure
- Different intelligenes tend to cluster
- MI equivalent to g’s abilities
- Can be developed, including into adulthood
EI
- Not recognised as form of intelligence
- Tendency to class almost any type ofbehaviour as intelligence
- skills vs morals
- difficult to measure
the terrain of intelligence
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ethnic differences in intel
Asians, White, Hispanics, blacks
On a study with Japanese and american children, where they were matched on demographic variables, not significant IQ differences were found
age differences in intelligence
the mean level of fluid intelligence was systemically higher for younger adults
the mean level of crystallised intelligence was higher for older adults
the mean for the general visualization function was highest for the grouping of 21-28 year olds and the means systematically dropped of on either side
no systematic age trends were discernible for the general speediness, carefulness and fluency factors
gender differences in intelligence
4-10yo similar performance in math reasoning test
by 12th grade males show higher achievement in areas of number properties, operations, measurement, geometry
- females achieve higher grades in school in all subjects at all grade levels
- on non curriculum based tests, males perform higher
younger and middle aged women performed better on processing speed
women in all ages were better on verbal recall
men performed better on spatial orientation
no differences on inductive reasoning, verbal comprehension , numerical facility
cognitive abilities may decline faster for women
= females scored wrose when they were told that the test produced gender differences than when they were told that no gender differences were found in the test
- activating negative stereotypes prior to tests had a significant effect on performance
- womens attitudes towards sex-stereotyped domains of arts and math were manipulated through subtle reminders of their gender identity- primed subjects demonstrated more negative attitudes
gender brain differences
different areas of the brain activated during cognitive tasks between genders; some portions of the brain’s size and shape differ between genders
Gender differences in brain structures and functions doesn’t imply causality for cognitive differences. The brain reflects learning and other experiences - gender differences could be influenced by different life experiences
