Controls and Handling

Question 1

How does the throttle work?

Answer 1

Controls the throttle valve.
This means more or less air ( therefore fuel as the fuel is sucked in )

Question 2

Types of fuel pumps and purposes

Answer 2

Engine driven -
Electric - start up and critical phase of flight

Question 3

What does alternative Air do?
(and what are the 2 differences between the normal one? )

Answer 3

Provide a different air source for the engine
This is preheated and not filtered.

Question 4

What is the fuel priming pump?
How does it work?
Risks of use?

Answer 4

Manually pump fuel into the lines.
Send fuel to the cylinder NOT the carb
If it is not closed properly can result in too rich of a mixture.

Question 5

What is the manifold gauge ( measures) ?

Answer 5

Used in variable pitch propellor.
Measures the Actual Pressure in the intake manifold
Kinda like an engine power guage

decreases with altitude
Max is atmospheric pressure ( unless turbo charging )

If fixed pitch. Manifold pressure and RPM rise and fall together.

RPM is the PROP RPM.

At full open throttle - it should match the altitmeter setting.

Question 6

Where is manifold pressure measured?

Answer 6

On the air intake, after the throttle valve

Question 7

What does RPM measure?

Answer 7

Crankshaft rotations.

Question 8

How is Oil Temp measured?

Answer 8

Electrically

Question 9

How is oil pressure measured?

Answer 9

Pressure sent to guage,
Restriction to protect from surges

Question 10

How is Cylinder Head Temp measured?

Answer 10

thermo couple on the hottest cylinder

Question 11

How is EGT measured?

Answer 11

thermo coupling in the exhuast pipe.

Question 12

type of carb ice?

Answer 12

Throttle Ice - use carb heat
Fuel evaporation ice - use carb heat
Impact Ice - use alternative air. ( should not happen in VFR )

Question 13

Describe Throttle Ice

Answer 13

Lower pressure and reduce temp after the venturi results in ice on the throttle Butterfly valve
Fix - Carb Heat

Question 14

Describe Fuel Evaporation ice

Answer 14

Low pressure causes fuel to evaoprate, lowering the temp.
Results in ice build up on the intake manifold.
Fix - Carb Heat

Question 15

When is carb icing (throttle and fuel) is likely to occur

Answer 15

When the temp is at 20 degrees or below and high humidity.

Question 16

Describe impact ice

Answer 16

ice forming on the air intake.
Should not happen in VRF
Fix - alternative air.

Question 17

Carb heat - when to use - what to expect?

Answer 17

Rough running engine.
Temp is 20 degrees or below
High relative humidy

If Ice was present - Engine RPM will go DOWN and then UP
If ice was not present - Engine RPM will go DOWN

Question 18

If you increase throttle to increase power, when you have carb ice, what happens?

Answer 18

The icing gets worse. More fuel = more Throttle Butterfly Icing or Fuel Evaporation icing.

Question 19

When should you use carb heat preventively

Answer 19

Read your POH
Idle descents - carb heat ON during descent.
Carb heat OFF before full power

Question 20

What are the construction factors that contribute to engine power?

Answer 20

• Number of cylinders
• Compression ratio. Higher is better.
• Displacement - volume between BDC and TDC

Question 21

What is the compression ratio, and at what level does it stop increasing power?

Answer 21

The ratio of the volume when the piston is at TDC vs BDC.

Anything more than 10:1 is leads to detonation and pre-ignitation.

Question 22

What 8 the possible causes of rough engine running?

Answer 22

• Out of balance prop
• Loose prop
• Not enough fuel
• Incorrect Mixture
• Ignition fault
• Resonance - indicated on RPM gauge in yellow
• Carb ice
• Carb heat on

Question 23

When should you use warm/alt air?
(And when should you not use it)

Answer 23

• When you suspect impact icing
• RPM will go DOWN
• Don’t use on the ground ( no filter )
• Avoid continous use. Can lead to Cylinder head overheat

Question 24

What do you do with low oil pressure, and what are the likely causes?

Answer 24

Cross check. Low pressure without increase in oil temp, may mean a instrument problem
Low oil pressure with high oil temp, indicates a potential engine problem.
Divert
If pressure keeps dropping, consider precautionary.

Causes:
- leak

Question 25

How soon should the oil pressure rise on startup?

Answer 25

within 30 seconds.
If it does not, shut down

Question 26

High Oil pressure, causes and risks

Answer 26

Causes
- Possible blocked relief value
- Possible blocked something else
- Pump will be workinghard.

Actions
- Reduce power.
- If pressure comes down, continue flight.
- If pressure does not come down ,divert

Question 27

Fluctuating oil pressure

Answer 27

Causes
- Faulty instrument
- Caviation.

Question 28

Low oil temp in flight, causes and actions?

Answer 28

Causes
- Oil is too thick.
- Oil Pump will be working harder

Actions
- Cross Check - should have elevated pressure
- Continue to monitor.

Question 29

High oil temp, causes and actions?

Answer 29

Causes
- Not enough oil
- Could be a leak or blocker line/oil cooler

Actions
- High cylinder head temp esp. at low airspeed and high RPM. Lower nose, open cowl flaps

Caution
Increasing oil temp is usually the first signal of a loss of oil.
Oil pressure will stay constant, until it drops fast - if there is a leak.