Controlling the Computer Flashcards
System for describing computation
System of signs to communicate a task/algorithm to a computer, causing the task to be performed
To communicate with computers
Programming Languages
Low-level programming language
Represented by 0s and 1s (binary digits)
MACHINE LANGUAGE
To write 120 in the computer system its representation is 1111000. So it is very difficult to learn.
To overcome this problem, the __________ ________ is invented
Assembly language
More than low level and less than high-level language (such as C, C++, Java, Python, etc)
Intermediary language
Use numbers, symbols, and abbreviations
Assembly Language
What symbols does Assembly Language use for Addition, Subtraction, and Multiplication?
It uses symbols likes Add, Sub, and Mul, etc.
A device that changes a sentence from one language to another w/o change of meaning
TRANSLATOR
A program that translates between programming languages
COMPILER
Compilation
COMPILER
Can only be created if there are no syntax errors
ASSEMBLY (INTERMEDIATE)
Abstract machine (program)
Translates Assembly Machine to Machine Language
Creates executable code
ASSEMBLER
Ready for execution
MACHINE CODE
Form
Syntax
Meaning
Semantics
Creating system applications (Windows and Linux use a lot of C programming)
Can also be used to create games, graphics, and apps that use lots of calculations
- printf(“Hello, World!”);
C
Good for general use, such as web applications
Many areas of specialisation
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
- print(‘Hello, world!’)
PYTHON
‘Write once, run anywhere’
Has many different uses
Java
Main uses of Java
- Business software
- Web applications
- Mobile apps
What language does Google’s Android OS use as its native language?
Java
Identify the programming language:
class HelloWorld {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(“Hello, World!”);
}
}
Java
Language used to write code that runs in web browsers
Wide range of applications
Useful for making webpages responsive and interactive
Often used alongside HTML and CSS to add things like animations, video players, browser-based video games.
JAVASCRIPT
console.log(‘Hello World’);
JAVASCRIPT
Can be used for game dev., server-side programming, web dev., creating web forms, mobile applications, etc.
Has been used to develop Windows 8 and 10
C#
namespace HelloWorld {
class Hello {
static void Main(string[] args) {
System.Console.WriteLine(“Hello
World!”);
}
}
}
C#
Mainly used to communicate with databases
Used by server developers, database administrators, software developers
Used in area such as data analysis and big data mining
SQL
BEGIN
dbms_output.put_line (‘Hello
World..’);
END;
SQL
Mostly used for website development
Manage dynamic content and databases on a website (integrates well with database languages)
PHP
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h1>My first PHP page</h1>
</body>
</html>
PHP
Set of programs that controls the computer hardware and acts an interface with application programs
OPERATING SYSTEM (OS)
Operating System Functions
- USER INTERFACE AND INPUT/OUTPUT MANAGEMENT
- HARDWARE INDEPENDENCE
- MEMORY MANAGEMENT
- PROCESSING TASK
- NETWORKING CAPABILITY
- ACCESS TO SYSTEM RESOURCES AND SECURITY
- FILE MANAGEMENT
Allows individuals to access and command the computer system
User Interface
Requires that text commands be given to the computer to perform basic activities
Command-based user interface
Uses icons and menus displayed on screen to send commands to the computer system
Graphical user interface (GUI)
Allows applications to make use of the operating system.
Application program interface (API)
Control how memory is accessed and maximize available memory and storage
MEMORY MANAGEMENT
More than one program can run at the same time
Multitasking
allows more than one person to use a computer system at the same time
Time-sharing
ability of the computer to handle an increasing number of concurrent users smoothly
Scalability
Features and capabilities of the OS that aid users in connecting to a computer network
NETWORKING CAPABILITY
Protection against unauthorized access
Logins and passwords
ACCESS TO SYSTEM RESOURCES AND SECURITY
Ensures that files in secondary storage are available when needed and that they are protected from access by unauthorized users
FILE MANAGEMENT
USER INTERFACE AND INPUT/OUTPUT MANAGEMENT
- User INterface
- Command-based user interface
HARDWARE INDEPENDENCE
Application program interface (API)
PROCESSING TASK
- Multitasking
- Time-sharing
- Scalability
