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Cardiovascular > Controlling Arterial Blood Pressure > Flashcards

Controlling Arterial Blood Pressure Flashcards

1
Q

Blood pressure

A

The outward hydrostatic pressure exerted by blood on vessel walls

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2
Q

Systolic BP

A

Pressure exerted by blood on aortic walls and systemic arteries when the heart contracts
<140mmHg normally

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3
Q

Diastolic BP

A

Pressure exerted on aortic walls and systemic arteries when heart relaxes
<90mmHg

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4
Q

What drives blood around systemic circulation?

A

pressure between aorta and right atrium (MAP-CVP)

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5
Q

Pulse pressure

A

difference between sys and dia BP

30-50mmHg

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6
Q

1st Korotkoff sound

A

Heard at peak systolic pressure

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7
Q

2nd and 3rd Korotkoff sounds

A

Turbulent spurts of blood flow

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8
Q

4th Korotkoff sound

A

Muffled sound at diastolic pressure

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9
Q

5th Korotkoff sound

A

no sound due to uninterrupted, smooth, laminar flow

Diastolic pressure recorded here as it is more reproducible

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10
Q

MAP

A

Average arterial blood pressure during a single cardiac cycle

[(2xdia)+sys]/3
Dia+(PP/3)
COxSVR
HRxSVxSVR

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11
Q

SVR/TPR

A

Sum of all resistance of all vasculature in systemic circulation

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12
Q

Major resistance vessel

A

Arterioles

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13
Q

What causes postural/ orthostatic hypotension?

A

Failure of baroreceptor responses to gravitational shifts in blood when moving from horizontal to vertical position

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14
Q

Positive result for postural hypotension

A

Drop in sys BP by at least 20mmHg with or without symptoms

Drop in dia BP by at least 10mmHg with symptoms

Both within 3mins of standing up from lying position

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15
Q

How is MAP controlled in the long term?

A

Controlling blood pressure

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16
Q

How can blood volume and MAP be controlled?

A

ECFV

17
Q

ECFV

A

Plasma volume + interstitial fluid volume

18
Q

IFV

A

The fluid which bathes the cells and acts as the go between the blood and body cells

19
Q

What happens if plasma volume falls?

A

Compensatory mechanisms shift fluid from interstitial compartment to plasma compartment

20
Q

Factors Effecting ECFV

A

Water XS/ deficit

Na+ XS/ deficit

21
Q

ECFV regulatory hormones

A

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
Natriuretic Peptides
Antidiuretic hormone/ Arginine Vasopressin

22
Q

Components of RAAS

A

Renin, angiotensin, aldosterone

23
Q

What is the rate limiting step of RAAS?

A

Renin secretion

24
Q

What converts Angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2?

A

ACE, mainly produced by pulmonary vascular endothelium

25
Q

What is the role of angiotensin 2?

A

Stimulates aldosterone release from adrenal cortex, causing systemic vasoconstriction

26
Q

Role of aldosterone

A

Steroid hormone which acts on kidneys to increase sodium and water retention, increasing PV

Cardiovascular (14 decks)

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