Control Punishment And victims

Question 1

Clarke

Answer 1

Situational crime prevention is not focused on improving society or instutions, but reducing opportunity for crime.

Question 2

Evaluation of situational crime prevention

Answer 2

Ignores how structural factors such as poverty and poor socialisation cause crime and therefore its hard to come up with long term strategies for crime.

Question 3

Panopticism

Answer 3

How people self discipline themselves because they believe they are being watched such as CCTV cameras.

Question 4

Criticism of cctv panopticism

Answer 4

Koskela argues that cctv is an extension of the male gaze as it allows men to stalk women on cameras for their pleasure.

Question 5

3 types of reduction

Answer 5

Deterrence that discourages individiuals from future offending
Rehabillitation that can reform and change individuals so they dont offend again
Incapacitation so they physically cant offend again

Question 6

Retribution

Answer 6

Idea that offenders should be punished for breaking society’s moral code and so society is entitled to take revenge on them.

Question 7

Althusser

Answer 7

Punishment is part of the repressive state appartus, and is to maintain the existing social order that is capitalism.

Question 8

Garland

Answer 8

The USA has moved into a era of mass incarceration as 3% of the adult population is in prison.

Question 9

Positivist victiminology

Answer 9

They identify factors that produce patterns of victimisation, esprcially those that make individuals or groups more likely to be victims.

Question 10

Evaluation of positivist victimology

Answer 10

Ignores situations where victims are unaware of their victimisation

Question 11

Critical criminology

Answer 11

Argues that structural factors make someone likely to be a victim
State have the power to apply or deny someone the label of a victim

Question 12

Christie

Answer 12

Victim is a social construction as it depends on whatever the media make it to be

Question 13

Class

Answer 13

Poor people at the most risk of being a victim as crime rates are higher in their areas due to high unemployment and deprivation

Question 14

Age

Answer 14

Young people are most risk of victimisation, especially with violent crimes due to their vulnerabillity compared to adults

Question 15

Ethnicity

Answer 15

Minority ethnic groups are at the most risk of crimes, especially racially motivated crimes

Question 16

Gender

Answer 16

Males are at a greater risk of becoming victims, one reason being bedroom culture.(Mcrobbie)