Control Of Gene Expression

Question 1

What is the genotype?

Answer 1

A cell’s DNA sequence (genetic constitution)

Question 2

What is a phenotype?

Answer 2

A cell’s physical and chemical state

Question 3

What does the phenotype depend on?

Answer 3

Which proteins are made into genes on each chromosome (gene expression)

Question 4

What are genes?

Answer 4

DNA sequences that code for particular proteins

Question 5

What are alleles?

Answer 5

Different forms of a gene

Question 6

Coding DNA makes us what percentage of DNA?

Answer 6

2% of DNA

Question 7

What does coding DNA produce?

Answer 7

Proteins

Question 8

What is some non-coding DNA involved in?

Answer 8

Regulation of gene expression

Question 9

What elements are proteins made of?

Answer 9

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen

CHON

Question 10

What are the subunits of proteins?

Answer 10

Amino acids

Question 11

How many amino acids are there?

Answer 11

20

Question 12

Give examples of some amino acids

Answer 12

Alanine
Leucine
Tyrosine
Valine

Question 13

What is transcribed?

Answer 13

The base sequence

Question 14

What is the base sequence translated into?

Answer 14

Amino acid sequence

Question 15

What is the genetic code ‘read’ (transcribed) by?

Answer 15

RNA (Ribonucleic acid)

Question 16

What bonds join amino acids together?

Answer 16

Peptide bonds (covalent)

Question 17

When amino acids are linked together what do they form?

Answer 17

A polypeptide chain

Question 18

What bonds form between certain amino acids in a polypeptide chain?

Answer 18

Hydrogen

Question 19

What other type of bonds may form between sulphur atoms?

Answer 19

Disulphide bonds