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PVS Parasite week > Control of ectoparasites 2 > Flashcards

Control of ectoparasites 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the abbreviation NFA-VPA mean?

A

non food producing animals, vet, pharmacist, SQP

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2
Q

Give examples of drugs that are distributed systemically and redistributed to the skin

A
  • Selamectin/ moxidectin (topical)

- Lufenuron (oral)

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3
Q

What drugs can you use to kill the flea pupa?

A

NONE, you have to let them hatch (can take 3 months) and then kill them as adults

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4
Q

What does IGR stand for?

A

Insect growth regulators

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5
Q

Give examples of IGRs used in flea control

A
  • Juvenile hormone analogue (S-methoprene or pyriproxyfen): in frontlone combo and some environmental sprays
  • Chitin synthesis inhibitors (lufenuron)
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6
Q

Discuss the use of natural botanical products in flea treatments

A
  • e.g. citronella, cedarwood, lemongrass

- Often exact conc of active ingredient isn’t known which can be dangerous

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7
Q

Name of chewing and one sucking louse

A

Chewing: Trichodectes
Sucking: Linognathus

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8
Q

Why could the treatment of lice infestations be thought easier than that of fleas?

A

-Because lice spend their whole life cycle on the host so you don’t need to consider the environment the same way you do in flea infestations.

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9
Q

What does an effective treatment of lice infestations involve?

A
  • Treatment of infected animal and animals in contact with it
  • Clean the environment as often linked to animals in poor health/ unsanitary conditions
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10
Q

Give examples of drugs used to treat lice

A
  • topical OGs (pour ons/ spray)
  • Pyrethroids
  • Topical avermectins
  • Amitraz (cattle/ pigs)
  • Imidacloprid (dogs/cats)
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11
Q

Give an examples treatment plan for keds

A

-Topical OPs, 3 applications 2 weeks apart.

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12
Q

What drugs can be used to treat flies?

A

-Topical insecticides e.g. pyrethroids/ topical OPs

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13
Q

How big are mites?

A

less than 0.5mm

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14
Q

How big are ticks?

A

2-20mm

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15
Q

What are the direct/ indirect effect of ticks?

A 
-Direct:
Blood loss
Skin damage
Secondary skin infections
-Indirect:
Vector to diseases
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16
Q

What protozoal infections can ticks carry?

A

-Babesiosis

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17
Q

What bacterial infections can ticks carry?

A

Ehrlichiosis

Borreliosis (lyme)

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18
Q

What viral diseases can ticks carry?

A

Louping ill

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19
Q

What is the significance of the different tick lifecycles on treatments?

A
  • Hard (ixodid) ticks are NON NIDOCULOUS
  • this makes them harder to control as they have multiple hosts compared to
  • Soft (argasid) ticks are easier
20
Q

What are the common tick species found in the UK?

A
  • Ixodes ricinus (vector to most things)
  • Ixodes hexagonous (B.burgdorferi)
  • Ixodes canisuga (B.burgdorferi)
21
Q

Which tick, found mainly in western Europe, is a vector for Babesia canis?

A
  • Dermacentor reticulatus
22
Q

What is the pathogen responsible for causing Lyme disease?

A

-Borrelia bugdorferi

23
Q

Describe Babesiosis

A
  • Infects erythrocytes
  • Protozoan parasite
  • Results in destruction of erythrocytes causing severe anaemia
24
Q

What causes babesiosis in the UK?

A

AKA redwater fever not tick fever
-B divergens
(tick/ cattle fever is caused by B bovis)

25
Q

What are the clinical signs for canine babesiosis?

A
  • Fever
  • weight loss
  • Lethargy
  • Jaundice
  • Splenomegaly
  • Haemolytic anaemia
26
Q

What are the strategies of tick control?

A
  • Avoid tick habitats in late spring/ summer
  • Destruction of tick habitats/ spraying pesticides in environment
  • Regular inspections of pets and quick removal or ticks
27
Q

Name a drug used to treat tick infestation in cattle/ sheep

A

-Pyrethroids

28
Q

In terms of the tick eradication programme in Texas. What are the 2 options when fever ticks are found on cattle?

A
  • Leave cattle on infested pasture. Scratch/ dip them every 14 days for 9 consecutive month
  • Pasture vacated of all livestock for 6-0 months (deer often move in so have to put ivermectin out for the deer)
29
Q

What are the direct/ indirect effects of mites?

A 
-Direct: 
Skin lesions (mange)
Loss of blood
Zoonotic
-Indirect:
Secondary bacterial infections
Transmit pathogens
30
Q

What are the effects of mange?

A
  • Lichenification
  • Erythema
  • Pruritus
  • Scale
  • Alopecia
31
Q

What drugs are licensed for treatment of sarcoptes in dogs?

A
  • Moxidectin
  • Amitraz
  • Selamectin
32
Q

What causes Psoroptic mange?

A

P. ovis

33
Q

What causes Psoroptic mange?

A

P. ovis

34
Q

If your cat has tapeworms and your dog eats the shed prolottids what will happen?

A

Nothing

35
Q

Why are tapeworm infections difficult to stop reinfection?

A

Because they have a short pre patent period. And fleas are often quite persistant.

36
Q

Are macrocyclic lactones an effective form of treatment against tapeworms?

A

No

37
Q

In which region of a dogs body does Diplydium caninum mature?

A

In the small intestine

38
Q

Is diplydium caninum zoonotic?

A

Yes

39
Q

What is the infective stage of the heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) lifecycle?

A

Microfilariae

40
Q

What is the best diagnosis test for Dirofilaria immitis?

A

ELISA (detect Ag of the worm)

41
Q

What is the general treatment plan for a dog with heartworm?

A
  • Kill all adult worms with an adulticide, then kill all circulating microfilariae.
  • Animal should have restircted access for 4-6 weeks after adulticide because of stress on the heart and lungs of dead worms.
  • Dogs with vena cava syndrome require surgical removal of adult worms
42
Q

Which 2 genus of Taenia cause human disease? Which is a greater risk to humans?

A

T. saginata
T.solium
-T solium has potential to develop multiple cysticerci in vital organs

43
Q

How do you distinguish between saginata and solium?

A

The number of uterine branches

  • Solium= <14
  • Saginata= >14
44
Q

What is the normal diagnosis method for H. contortus?

A

Faecel exam for eggs

45
Q

How do you treat H. contortus infections?

A

Ivermectin or fenbendazole

46
Q

What piece of apparatus is used for diagnosing lungworms?

A

Baermann apparatus

PVS Parasite week (8 decks)

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