Control of ectoparasites 2 Flashcards
What does the abbreviation NFA-VPA mean?
non food producing animals, vet, pharmacist, SQP
Give examples of drugs that are distributed systemically and redistributed to the skin
- Selamectin/ moxidectin (topical)
- Lufenuron (oral)
What drugs can you use to kill the flea pupa?
NONE, you have to let them hatch (can take 3 months) and then kill them as adults
What does IGR stand for?
Insect growth regulators
Give examples of IGRs used in flea control
- Juvenile hormone analogue (S-methoprene or pyriproxyfen): in frontlone combo and some environmental sprays
- Chitin synthesis inhibitors (lufenuron)
Discuss the use of natural botanical products in flea treatments
- e.g. citronella, cedarwood, lemongrass
- Often exact conc of active ingredient isn’t known which can be dangerous
Name of chewing and one sucking louse
Chewing: Trichodectes
Sucking: Linognathus
Why could the treatment of lice infestations be thought easier than that of fleas?
-Because lice spend their whole life cycle on the host so you don’t need to consider the environment the same way you do in flea infestations.
What does an effective treatment of lice infestations involve?
- Treatment of infected animal and animals in contact with it
- Clean the environment as often linked to animals in poor health/ unsanitary conditions
Give examples of drugs used to treat lice
- topical OGs (pour ons/ spray)
- Pyrethroids
- Topical avermectins
- Amitraz (cattle/ pigs)
- Imidacloprid (dogs/cats)
Give an examples treatment plan for keds
-Topical OPs, 3 applications 2 weeks apart.
What drugs can be used to treat flies?
-Topical insecticides e.g. pyrethroids/ topical OPs
How big are mites?
less than 0.5mm
How big are ticks?
2-20mm
What are the direct/ indirect effect of ticks?
-Direct: Blood loss Skin damage Secondary skin infections -Indirect: Vector to diseases
What protozoal infections can ticks carry?
-Babesiosis
What bacterial infections can ticks carry?
Ehrlichiosis
Borreliosis (lyme)
What viral diseases can ticks carry?
Louping ill
What is the significance of the different tick lifecycles on treatments?
- Hard (ixodid) ticks are NON NIDOCULOUS
- this makes them harder to control as they have multiple hosts compared to
- Soft (argasid) ticks are easier
What are the common tick species found in the UK?
- Ixodes ricinus (vector to most things)
- Ixodes hexagonous (B.burgdorferi)
- Ixodes canisuga (B.burgdorferi)
Which tick, found mainly in western Europe, is a vector for Babesia canis?
- Dermacentor reticulatus
What is the pathogen responsible for causing Lyme disease?
-Borrelia bugdorferi
Describe Babesiosis
- Infects erythrocytes
- Protozoan parasite
- Results in destruction of erythrocytes causing severe anaemia
What causes babesiosis in the UK?
AKA redwater fever not tick fever
-B divergens
(tick/ cattle fever is caused by B bovis)
What are the clinical signs for canine babesiosis?
- Fever
- weight loss
- Lethargy
- Jaundice
- Splenomegaly
- Haemolytic anaemia
What are the strategies of tick control?
- Avoid tick habitats in late spring/ summer
- Destruction of tick habitats/ spraying pesticides in environment
- Regular inspections of pets and quick removal or ticks
Name a drug used to treat tick infestation in cattle/ sheep
-Pyrethroids
In terms of the tick eradication programme in Texas. What are the 2 options when fever ticks are found on cattle?
- Leave cattle on infested pasture. Scratch/ dip them every 14 days for 9 consecutive month
- Pasture vacated of all livestock for 6-0 months (deer often move in so have to put ivermectin out for the deer)
What are the direct/ indirect effects of mites?
-Direct: Skin lesions (mange) Loss of blood Zoonotic -Indirect: Secondary bacterial infections Transmit pathogens
What are the effects of mange?
- Lichenification
- Erythema
- Pruritus
- Scale
- Alopecia
What drugs are licensed for treatment of sarcoptes in dogs?
- Moxidectin
- Amitraz
- Selamectin
What causes Psoroptic mange?
P. ovis
What causes Psoroptic mange?
P. ovis
If your cat has tapeworms and your dog eats the shed prolottids what will happen?
Nothing
Why are tapeworm infections difficult to stop reinfection?
Because they have a short pre patent period. And fleas are often quite persistant.
Are macrocyclic lactones an effective form of treatment against tapeworms?
No
In which region of a dogs body does Diplydium caninum mature?
In the small intestine
Is diplydium caninum zoonotic?
Yes
What is the infective stage of the heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) lifecycle?
Microfilariae
What is the best diagnosis test for Dirofilaria immitis?
ELISA (detect Ag of the worm)
What is the general treatment plan for a dog with heartworm?
- Kill all adult worms with an adulticide, then kill all circulating microfilariae.
- Animal should have restircted access for 4-6 weeks after adulticide because of stress on the heart and lungs of dead worms.
- Dogs with vena cava syndrome require surgical removal of adult worms
Which 2 genus of Taenia cause human disease? Which is a greater risk to humans?
T. saginata
T.solium
-T solium has potential to develop multiple cysticerci in vital organs
How do you distinguish between saginata and solium?
The number of uterine branches
- Solium= <14
- Saginata= >14
What is the normal diagnosis method for H. contortus?
Faecel exam for eggs
How do you treat H. contortus infections?
Ivermectin or fenbendazole
What piece of apparatus is used for diagnosing lungworms?
Baermann apparatus
