control of blood glucose

Question 1

what is normal blood glucose levels usually around

Answer 1

90 mg per 100g of blood

Question 2

what monitors blood glucose concentration

Answer 2

pancreas

Question 3

when does blood glucose conc rise

Answer 3

after eating food containing carbs

Question 4

when does blood glucose conc fall

Answer 4

after exercise

Question 5

why does blood glucose conc fall after exercise

Answer 5

glucose is used up in respiration

Question 6

what do insulin and glucagon act as

Answer 6

effectors

Question 7

what is the role of insulin

Answer 7

lowers blood glucose concentration when it is too high

Question 8

what receptors does insulin bind to

Answer 8

specific receptors on liver and muscle cells

Question 9

how does insulin increase blood glucose concentration

Answer 9

increases permeability of cell membranes to glucose so they take up more glucose

activates enzymes which convert glucose to glycogen

Question 10

what is the term for converting glucose to glycogen

Answer 10

glycogenesis

Question 11

what is the role of glucagon

Answer 11

raises blood glucose concentration when it is too low

Question 12

where does glucagon bind to

Answer 12

specific receptors on liver cells

Question 13

what does glucagon activate

Answer 13

enzymes the breakdown glycogen into glucose

Question 14

what is the process of breaking down glycogen called

Answer 14

glycogenolysis

Question 15

what does glucagon also use to create glucose

Answer 15

glycerol and amino acids

Question 16

what is the process of forming glucose from non carbs called

Answer 16

gluconeogenesis

Question 17

what does glucagon decrease the rate of in cells

Answer 17

respiration

Question 18

what keeps blood glucose levels normal

Answer 18

negative feedback loop

Question 19

when blood glucose levels are high, what happens to beta cells

Answer 19

more glucose enters them via facilitated diffusion

Question 20

what does more glucose in beta cells cause

Answer 20

the rate of respiration to increase making more ATP

Question 21

what does the increase in ATP cause

Answer 21

potassium ions in beta cells to close, so they build up inside of the cell

Question 22

what does the build up of potassium ions in the beta cells cause

Answer 22

inside of the beta cell is less negative so that it is depolarised

Question 23

what does depolarisation of beta cells trigger

Answer 23

calcium ion channels to open, calcium ions diffuse into the cell

Question 24

what does the movement of calcium ions inside of the beta cells cause

Answer 24

vesicles to fuse with the plasma membrane releasing insulin via exocytosis