adrenaline Flashcards
what does the hormone adrenaline act as when triggering a message
first messenger
why is adrenaline a first messenger
carries chemical message from endocrine gland to receptors on target cells
what receptors does adrenaline bind to
liver cell receptors
when adrenaline binds to receptors what does it activate
an enzyme called adenylyl cyclase
what does adenylyl cyclase catalyse the production of
cyclic AMP from ATP
what does cAMP act as
secondary messenger
what does cAMP activate
a cascade, eg converts glycogen to glucose
where are the adrenal glands located
just above the kidneys
what is the outer layer of the adrenal gland called
adrenal cortex
what is the inner layer of the adrenal gland called
adrenal medulla
what types of hormones are released by the adrenal glands
mineralocorticoids
glucocorticoids
androgens
what type of hormone is aldosterone
mineralocorticoid
where is aldosterone secreted from
adrenal cortex
what effect does aldosterone have on the body
increases blood volume and pressure by increasing the uptake of sodium ions and water by the kidneys
what type of hormone is cortisol
glucocorticoid
where is cortisol secreted from
adrenal cortex
what is the role of cortisol
suppresses immune system
stimulates breakdown of proteins and fat into glucose to increase the amount of energy so brain and muscles can respond to situation
what are cortisol and aldosterone released as a result of
short and long term stress
where is adrenaline and noradrenaline secreted from
adrenal medulla
what is adrenaline and noradrenaline used for
fight or flight
what effects do adrenaline and noradrenaline have on the body
increase heart rate and breathing rate
cause break down of glycogen into glucose
constrict blood vessels to divert blood flow to the brain
