Control Of Blood Glucose

Question 1

What is glycogenesis?

Answer 1

Creation of glucagon from glucose

Question 2

What is glycogenolysis

Answer 2

Hydrolysis of glycogen to produce glucose

Question 3

What is gluconeogenesis?

Answer 3

Creation of glucose from a non carbohydrate source eg amino acids, fatty acids, glycerol

Question 4

What is the main source of glucose in your blood?

Answer 4

Digestion

Question 5

What is the role of insulin?

Answer 5

Insulin attaches to receptors on the surface of target cells. This controls the uptake of glucose by regulating the inclusion of channel proteins in the surface membranes of target cells. This activates enzymes involved in the conversion of glucose to glycogen.

Question 6

What is sucrose made up of?

Answer 6

Glucose and fructose

Question 7

What is lactose made up of?

Answer 7

Glucose and galactose

Question 8

When is glucagon made?

Answer 8

If blood glucose is too low

Question 9

When is insulin made?

Answer 9

If blood glucose is too high

Question 10

What does the pancreas do in regulating blood glucose?

Answer 10

It detects blood glucose concentration, brings about responses and restores the system to norm

Question 11

What are the ‘islets of langerhans’ in the pancreas?

Answer 11

Endocrine cells which act as receptors and effectors. Alpha cells secrete glucagon, detect a decrease in blood glucose. Beta cells detect an increase in blood glucose concentration, secretes insulin.

Question 12

How does blood glucose concentration vary?

Answer 12

Depending on food intake, energy requirements and exercise

Question 13

What is the process when blood glucose is too high?

Answer 13

Beta cells secrete insulin, inhibiting action of alpha cells, insulin travels in blood to target cells and bing to receptors on the membrane which causes adenyl cyclase to convert atp into cAMP, this activates an enzyme that stimulate glucose channels in the call membrane which causes more glucose to enter the cell this then converts to glycogen or fats

Question 14

What is the process when blood glucose is too low using alpha cells?

Answer 14

Alpha cells detect the fall in glucose concentration and secret glucagon, this inhibits beta cells, this stimulates hepatocytes to convert glycogen into glucose, glucose diffuses out of hepatocytes into the blood

Question 15

What is the process when blood glucose is too high using adrenaline?

Answer 15

Adrenaline fuses to receptor on cell surface membrane of target cells which causes the receptor to change shape, this activates adenyl cyclise which coverts atP to cAMP, activates protein kinase which catalyses the conversion of glycogen to glucose