CONTROL AND PREVENTION OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASE Flashcards
TWO CATEGORIES OF DISEASES:
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
Refer to types of diseases that can be transmitted to humans either directly or through medium.
Ex: TB, HIV, dengue, malaria, filariasis etc.
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
Refers to types of diseases that cannot be passed from person to person, they are long duration and generally slow progression.
Ex: heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes etc.
NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES:
Implication in Public Health:
ACUTE
CHRONIC
CASE
- if it last for less than 3 months
ACUTE
– if it last for more than 3 months
CHRONIC
– a person who has or suspected of having an infection.
CASE
6 Various Ways of Transmission:
- Direct contact transmission
- Indirect contact transmission
- Airborne transmission
- Blood borne transmission
- Droplet transmission
- Sexual contact transmission.
– spread of infectious organisms from the skin of one person directly to another person.
Direct contact transmission
– spread of infectious organisms by coming into contact with a contaminated object.
Indirect contact transmission
ability of the organisms to enter and replicate in the host
Infectivity
Infectivity depends on 3 major factors.
host
pathogens
environment
4 Focus of intervention in Public Health
Host
Protective barrier
Production of antibiotic
Creations of vaccine
Focus of intervention in Public Health
increasing immunity through immunization or increasing nutrition.
Host
Focus of intervention in Public Health
prevent contact with the agent that can disrupt transmission of the disease from the environment or from one person to another.
Protective barrier
Focus of intervention in Public Health
disrupt the replication of the organisms, prohibiting them from increasing their capacity to cause disease.
Production of antibiotic
Focus of intervention in Public Health
addressing the agent or pathogen.
Creations of vaccine
“ is to interrupt the transmission of infectious diseases within the population”
Goal of public health
“ to prevent, control and eradicate disease and injuries”
Goal of Epidemiology
- planning and taking action to prevent the occurrence of undesirable event.
PREVENTION
- the taking of action during an event. Ex:
immunizing to prevent a disease.
INTERVENTION
- general term for containment of a disease; limiting of transmission of a communicable disease
CONTROL
- total elimination of a disease from human population.
ERADICATION
Approach in prevention and control:
PRIMARY APPROACH
SECONDARY APPROACH
TERTIARY APPROACH
Approach in prevention and control:
- forestall the onset of illness or injury during the pre pathogenesis Ex: health education, health promotion, safe house project, immunization against specific disease and practice of personal hygiene.
PRIMARY APPROACH
Approach in prevention and control:
- preventive measures against communicable disease either self diagnosis and self treatment with non prescription medications or home remedies.
Diagnosis and treatment with an antibiotic prescribed by physician Preventive measure undertaken by the community against infectious disease Isolation and quarantine.
SECONDARY APPROACH
Approach in prevention and control:
- preventive measures for the control of communicable diseases include convalescence from infection, recovery to full health. This approach aimed at preventing the recurrence of the disease or an epidemic. Ex: proper removal, embalming and burial of the dead.
TERTIARY APPROACH
to introduce an antigen, derived from disease-causing organism, that stimulates the immune system to develop protective immunity against that organisms, but does not itself cause the pathogenic effects of the organism.
the principle of immunization
