Control and Communication Flashcards
What is the nervous system composed of?
Nerve cells (neurones).
What is the nervous system made up of?
The brain, the spinal cord and nerves.
Name 3 functions of the cereberum.
Sensing, thinking and imagining.
Name 3 functions of the cerebellum.
Motion, balance, learning new things.
Name 3 functions of the medulla.
Automatic actions, breathing, digestion.
What are neurones?
Nerve cells. They are responsible for passing information and coordination of bodily functions. They pass information around the body but do not touch each other.
How do neurones pass messages to each other?
The impulse arrives at the end of one nerve and releases chemicals which diffuse across the gap (the synapse), triggering an impulse in the next nerve.
What are reflexes?
Actions that happen to protect the body from harm. They happen automatically without any decision making from the brain.
What are the three stages of reflexes?
- Information from the sensor organs are taken to the spinal cord.
- The impulse is carried onto a relay nerve which passes the impulse to a motor nerve.
- The motor nerve takes the impulse to an effector which carries out a response.
What are hormones?
Chemical messengers of the body. They are made in the endocrine glands and travel to their target tissue where they are needed in the bloodstream.
Describe stage 1 diabetes.
It usually affects children, teenagers, and adults under 40.
It occurs when the pancreas stops making enough insulin.
To control it, injections for life and a healthy diet are needed.
Describe type 2 diabetes.
It usually affects adults over 40 who may have poor diets or are overweight.
It occurs when the body no longer responds to insulin.
It can be controlled by exercise and appropriate diet.
What kind of hormone controls the kidney?
Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH).
What do all cells need so they have the energy to carry out their function?
A constant supply of glucose.
Which hormones control sugar level?
Insulin and glucagon.
They are produced in the pancreas and their target tissue is the liver.
