Contrasting Case Studies Volcanoes Flashcards
What are volcanic hazards?
Significant risks that present globally, varying in nature, impacts, and human responses based on geographic, geologic, and socio-economic contexts.
What case studies are examined in the content?
2018 eruption of Mount Anak Krakatau in Indonesia and 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in Iceland.
When did the eruption of Mount Anak Krakatau occur?
December 22, 2018
What type of plate boundary is Mount Anak Krakatau located on?
Convergent plate boundary (Subduction Zone)
Which plates are involved in the eruption of Mount Anak Krakatau?
Indo-Australian Plate and Eurasian Plate
What type of eruption occurred at Mount Anak Krakatau?
Explosive eruption triggered by magma interacting with seawater
What secondary hazard resulted from the eruption of Mount Anak Krakatau?
A tsunami
How many deaths were caused by the tsunami from Mount Anak Krakatau’s eruption?
Over 430 deaths
What were the health impacts following the eruption of Mount Anak Krakatau?
Respiratory problems due to ash inhalation and injuries from the tsunami
What economic impacts were observed after the Mount Anak Krakatau eruption?
Significant losses due to property destruction, loss of livelihoods, and disaster response costs
What factors contributed to the vulnerability of communities affected by Mount Anak Krakatau’s eruption?
Densely populated areas, poverty, limited education access, and inadequate infrastructure
What was a key issue with hazard perception in Indonesia during the Mount Anak Krakatau eruption?
Lack of awareness and preparedness regarding tsunamis triggered by volcanic eruptions
What kind of plate boundary is Eyjafjallajökull located on?
Divergent plate boundary (Mid-Atlantic Ridge)
What type of eruption occurred at Eyjafjallajökull?
Phreatomagmatic eruption
What primary secondary hazard resulted from the Eyjafjallajökull eruption?
A vast ash cloud
How many flights were canceled due to the ash cloud from Eyjafjallajökull?
Over 100,000 flights
What were the estimated economic losses caused by the ash cloud from Eyjafjallajökull?
$1.7 billion
What factors reduced vulnerability in Iceland during the Eyjafjallajökull eruption?
Small population, well-developed infrastructure, and high public awareness of volcanic hazards
What monitoring agency assists with volcanic hazard awareness in Iceland?
Icelandic Meteorological Office
What geographical feature affected the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull?
Glaciers
What was a significant environmental impact of the Eyjafjallajökull eruption?
Localized flooding due to rapid melting of glacial ice
What is the geophysical characteristic of the convergent plate boundary in Indonesia?
Leads to highly explosive and unpredictable volcanic activity with andesitic to rhyolitic magma
What is a key characteristic of the divergent plate boundary in Iceland?
Results in less explosive volcanic activity with basaltic magma
How do the volcanic hazards differ between Indonesia and Iceland?
Indonesia has severe explosive hazards with secondary risks like tsunamis, while Iceland mainly faces disruptions from ash clouds.
