Contrast Media Flashcards
atomic number
number of protons in the nuclei of an element
BUN normal range
7-20 mg/dL
Bronchospasm
involuntary constriction of bronchial tubes
Creatinine
nitrogen-containing waste products of metabolism excreted by kidney’s filtration system
histamine
molecular substance containing an amine group
ion
atom or molecule with a negative or positive charge
osmolality
measurement of particles crowding out water molecules in a mass of water
osmosis
movement of water from an area of high to low concentration
osmolarity
measure of total concentration of solute particles
pH
acidity or basicity of a solution
radiopharmaceutical
pharmaceutical compound attached to a radioisotope
radiolucent contrast (negative)
photons are easily transmitted
Radiolucent contrast shows black on a _____________.
radiograph
Radiolucent contrast shows white during _____________.
fluoroscopy
radiopaque contrast (positive)
photons are absorbed
Radiopaque contrast shows black during _____________.
fluoroscopy
Radiopaque contrast shows white on a _____________.
radiograph
fizzies
cause stomach to expand with air
double contrast barium enema
barium is first contrast
air is second contrast
adverse reactions to negative contrast media
complications are usually minimal
adverse reactions to positive contrast media
constipation because barium will absorb water in the colon
Types of water-soluble iodinated contrast media
ionic iodine
nonionic iodine
atomic number for barium
56
atomic number for iodine contrast
53
is iodine radiolucent or radiopaque?
radiopaque
Ionic iodine contrast media crosses the blood brain barrier.
true
osmotic effects of ionic iodine contrast media
hypervolemia and blood vessel dilation due to the water from body cells moving into vascular system
renal effects of high-osmolality (ionic iodine) contrast media
causes constriction of renal arteries and dilatation
results in diminished blood supply to kidneys
contraindications of ionic iodine contrast media
pts with renal disease or diabetes and older patients are at increased risks
what led to the development of ionic iodine contrast media?
efforts to decrease the side effects of it
What is the primary disadvantage of non-ionic iodine contrast?
3x more costly
Non-ionic iodine contrast media crosses the blood brain barrier.
false
Is non-ionic iodine contrast media much safer?
yes
allergic-like effects of water soluble iodinated contrast media
hives
wheezing and edema in throat and lungs
bronchospasms
anaphylactoid effects of water-soluble iodinated contrast media
nausea and vomiting
What percent of reactions to contrast media occur within 5 minutes of injection?
70%
contrast allergies
mild
moderate
severe
mild contrast reactions
nausea/vomiting
feeling flushed
headache
dizziness
anxiety
metallic taste in mouth
itching
pallor
sweating
moderate contrast reactions
symptoms similar to mild reactions, but with moderate severity and no hospitalization required
severe contrast reactions
are life threatening and require intensive treatment and hospitalization
death rate is less than .01%
contraindications for water soluble iodinated contrast media
Glucophage therapy
renal failure
age
allergies
asthma
COPD
patient prep for UGI
NPO after midnight the day before study
patient prep for barium enema
2 days before: clear liquids after noon
1 day before: clear liquids all day (bowel prep done)
Day of: clear liquids breakfast ONLY and enema in the morning
order contrast studies should be performed
- non-contrast studies
- lower GI (colon) studies
- upper GI (esoph., stomach, SI)
why should contrast studies be done in a certain order?
because of special considerations like patient’s condition, medications, or diabetes
