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OTC - Women's health, family planning and child health > Contraception > Flashcards

Contraception Flashcards

1
Q

What is contraception (2)

A
  1. the use of devices, medication and procedures to prevent pregnancy.
  2. There are several methods of contraception available
  3. Advice about which type of contraceptive is right for people is available from the pharmacist, the GP, the nurse and the sexual health clinic.
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2
Q

What are the methods of contraception (11)

A
  1. External/internal condoms
  2. Diaphragm/cap with spermicide
  3. Natural family planning
  4. Combined contraceptive pill
  5. progesterone-only contraceptive pill
  6. Implant
  7. Injection
  8. Patch
  9. Intrauterine system (IUS)
  10. Intrauterine device (IUD)
  11. Male and female sterilisation
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3
Q

What are condoms (7)

A
  1. a dual use
  2. they prevent conception
  3. they are effective in preventing the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV.
  4. They need to be used correctly and carefully to ensure that they do not come off during intercourse, and each can only be used once.
  5. Condoms have an expiry date and, this date needs to be strictly adhered to.
  6. They should also not be used in conjunction with oil-based lubricants, like baby oil, since these can damage the rubber they are made of.
  7. Hypoallergenic condoms are available for those people allergic to latex or the spermicide used in ordinary ones.
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4
Q

What are external condoms (6)

A
  1. External condoms (worn on the penis)are one of the oldest methods of contraception and the only non-permanent method available to men.
  2. Condoms are available free from sexual health clinics.
  3. They can be bought from pharmacies, vending machines and supermarkets.
  4. They come in many different types: lubricated, unlubricated, coloured, ribbed, shaped and flavoured to name but a few.
  5. Good quality condoms carry the British Standards Institute kitemark which shows they conform to a particular standard.
  6. Any condom that does not bear the kitemark on their packaging should not be recommended as they may not be as effective.
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5
Q

What are female condoms (7)

A
  1. Internal condoms (worn inside the vagina)
  2. polyurethane sheaths that line the vagina.
  3. They consist of two flexible rings; one is used to guide the condom into the right position
  4. the other lays outside the body to ensure the condom does not disappear completely inside.
  5. It has a dual purpose in stopping conception and preventing the transmission of diseases.
  6. It can be inserted anytime before intercourse, and does not need any spermicide, although it can be used with it for extra protection.
  7. It also needs to be used carefully and correctly, not after its expiry date, and only be used once for it to work effectively.
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6
Q

What are spermicides (6)

A
  1. Spermicidesshould be used with another method of contraception, like a diaphragm or a cap, because they are not very effective when used on their own.
  2. The main ingredient used in these preparations is nonoxinol-9.
  3. Spermicides are easy to use, provide lubrication and add to the effectiveness of other barrier methods.
  4. Spermicides are currently only available on prescription.
  5. High frequency use of the spermicide nonoxinol-9 has been associated with genital lesions, which may increase the risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections.
  6. Anyone who has irritation after using them should be referred to the pharmacist.
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7
Q

What are progesterone-only contraceptives (4)

A
  1. may be available as a pharmacy (P) medicine from your pharmacy.
  2. This contraceptive is in the form of an oral tablet, that must be taken daily.
  3. It works by inhibiting ovulation and increasing the viscosity of the cervical mucus, which makes it difficult for sperm to enter the womb to fertilise the egg.
  4. Your pharmacy may have a checklist that you provide to the customer to fill in, that the pharmacist must review and then advise the customer if it is suitable for them and provide the appropriate counselling advice.
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8
Q

What is emergency hormonal contraception (4)

A
  1. can be used by a woman after having unprotected sex, or when their contraceptive method has failed.
  2. There are two types: the emergency hormonal contraception pill (EHC), commonly called ‘the morning after pill’ or an intrauterine device.
  3. EHC is available over the counter in your pharmacy as levonorgestrel (Levonelle One Step®) and ulipristal (ellaOne®).
  4. It is important that a request for EHC is referred to the pharmacist for a full consultation to ensure it is suitable for them or to signpost them for further advice if needed
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9
Q

What is levongestrel (5)

A
  1. thought to work by either delaying or stopping an egg from being released from the ovaries or by preventing sperm from fertilising the egg.
  2. It can also stop the fertilised egg from attaching itself to the lining of the womb, which stops pregnancy before it starts.
  3. It will not work if a woman is already pregnant.
  4. The dose of levonorgestrel can be taken up to 72 hours after intercourse, but it should preferably be taken within 12 hours.
  5. The woman should take the dose as soon as possible after buying the pack.
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10
Q

What is ulipristal (3)

A
  1. works by delaying the release of eggs from ovaries at the time of ovulation.
  2. Ulipristal can be used up to 120 hours (five days) after intercourse.
  3. Like levonorgestrel, it is more effective the earlier it is taken.
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11
Q

What is a copper intrauterine device (IUD) (4)

A
  1. can be inserted into the uterus up to five days after unprotected sex.
  2. An IUD will stop the egg implanting in the lining of the womb or being fertilised.
  3. Women can get an IUD fitted at a sexual health clinic, by their GP or by their nurse.
  4. This is the most effective form of emergency contraception.
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12
Q

What cautions are there for EHC (9)

A
  1. EHC should not be used as a woman’s only or main form of contraception.
  2. There are side effects
  3. headaches
  4. dizziness
  5. irregular menstrual cycles
  6. diarrhoea
  7. nausea
  8. breast tenderness
  9. it does not protect against the spread of STIs.
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13
Q

What is pregnancy testing (4)

A
  1. Available in some pharmacies where the test is carried out on the premises
  2. A sample of urine is tested for human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG)
  3. HGC is strongest in the morning
  4. If HGC is present, the woman is pregnant
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14
Q

What are home pregnancy testing kits (4)

A
  1. Used at home
  2. Considered 99% accurate if instructions are followed
  3. Detect HCG
  4. Most of them can be used early
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15
Q

What are ovulation testing kits (3)

A
  1. Available from pharmacies
  2. find out when women are fertile
  3. detects luteinising hormone (LH)
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16
Q

What are fertility thermometers (3)

A
  1. Sold to women trying to conceive
  2. Women’s temperature rises when ovulating
  3. Used for women who use natural methods of contraception

OTC - Women's health, family planning and child health (8 decks)

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