Contraception Flashcards
Discuss emergency contraception
-Types (4)
-MOA
-Efficacy
-Side effects
-Limitations
- Types:
-Levonorgestrel - 1.5g - ECP
-Copper IUD
-Uzuppi method
-Ulipristal acetate - MOA
-Levonorgestrel and ulipristal (SPRM)- stops LH surge so stops ovulation. Also impacts fertilisation and implantation. Not reliable if ovulated
-Copper IUD - stops implantation, fertilisation. Use up to 5 days post USI or ovulation.
-Uzuppi method - high dose of EE - 100mcg then repeat after 12hrs - Efficacy
-Levonorgetrel - Take asap
-95% effective in 24hrs
-85% effective in 25-48hrs
-58% effective in 49-72hrs
Can be given up to 96hrs (4days). Licensed up to 3 days
-pregnancy rate 2.2% within 120hrs
-Ulipristal - most effective
-pregnancy rate 1.4% within 120hrs
-Copper IUD - most effective 99%
-pregnancy rate<1% within 120hrs
-Uzuppi Method - least effective - Side effects:
Levonorgestrel - delay of period, increased risk of ectopic preg
Copper IUD -increased risk of PID first 3 weeks.
Uzuppi Method: Nausea ++ - Limitations:
-Levonorgestrel
-Less effective if - BMI >26, on enzyme inducing meds
-Ulipristal less effective if on liver enzyme inducing drugs
-Ulipristal less effective if progesterone hormones taken (avoid for 5 days)
-if on liver enzyme inducing drugs use copper IUD
-if obese use ulipristal or copper IUD
Discuss depo provera
-Type and amount of progesterone
-Efficacy
-MOA
-Administration and timing
-Contra-indications
-Side effects
-Risks
-Benefits
-Post natal use
- 150mg medroxyprogesterone acetate
- 99.2% perfect use, 94% typical use
- Ovulation inhibition, alteration of cervical mucous, unfavourable endometrium for implantation
- Administer day 1-5. If > day 5 then cover for 7 days
- Current breast cancer, past breast cancer, vascular disease, severe cirrhosis, multiple RF for CVD, liver tumours, age >45yrs
- Unscheduled bleeding - 57% at 12/12, weight gain, progesterone SE
- Loss of BMD, Small increase in breast and cervical cancer
- Reduces PVB 70% amenorrhoeic at 12/12, Can take with enzyme inducers, reduces endo pain, reduces endo cancer
- Can use MEC 2 if <6 weeks otherwise MEC 1, Can delay fertility average 6 months. 7% >18months
Discuss Levonorgestrel implants - Jadelle
-Type and amount of progesterone
-Efficacy
-MOA
-Administration and timing
-Contra-indications
-Side effects
-Risks
-Benefits
-Post natal use
- 2 x 75mg Levonorgestrel implants (100mcg/day decreasing to 30mcg/day at 2yrs)
- Perfect use 99.5%, Typical use 99.5%
- Ovulation inhibition 50%, alters cervical mucous, unfavourable implantation in endometrium
- Insert D1-5. If > day 5 use precautions 7 days
- Current and past breast cancer, severe cirrhosis, Stroke/MI, liver tumours.
- Change in bleeding pattern - all types, Progesterone sx, skin atrophy
- reduced efficacy if >150kg, reduced efficacy with enzyme inducers, insertion and retrieval damage, high rate ectopic 10-20%
- May help with dysmenorrhoea
- OK to use directly after birth. No delay to return of fertility
Discuss copper IUD
-Efficacy
-MOA
-Administration and timing
-Contra-indications
-Side effects
-Risks
-Benefits
-Post natal use
- 99.4% perfect use, 99.2% typical use.
- Inhibits fertilization - copper effect on sperm and ovum
Causes inflammatory response in endometrium
Changes cervical mucous - stops penetration - Anytime in cycle as long as not pregnant. Lasts 10yrs
- Puerperal sepsis/ septic miscarriage, PID, HIV if low CD$ count, QT syndrome
- Increased dysmenorrhoea and menorrhagia
- High rate ectopic if get pregnant 30%, Standard IUD risks
- No stand down period, No hormone
- Can use directly to 48hrs. from 48hrs to 4 weeks avoid placement high risk perforation. Fertility return immediate
Discuss levonorgestrel intrauterine system - Mirena/Jaydess
-Type and amount of progesterone
-Efficacy
-MOA
-Administration and timing
-Contra-indications
-Side effects
-Risks
-Benefits
-Post natal use
- Mirena 52mg (20mcg/day)- levonorgestrel, Jadess 13.5mg (14mcg/day)
- Mirena 99.8%, Jaydess 99.7%
- Prevention of implantation secondary to atrophy, increased cervical viscosity, 75% continue to ovulate
- D1-7 of cycle or anytime with precautions for 7 days
- Puerperal sepsis/ septic miscarriage, PID, HIV if low CD4 count, QT syndrome, Stroke/MI, Breast cancer - current or passed, liver cirrhosis or tumours
- Change in bleeding profile, progesterone SE.
- High rate ectopic 50%, IUD SE
- 90% reduction in PVB at 1 yr, 50-60% amenorrhoeic, reduction of dysmenorrhoea - primary, endo, adeno. No effect on BMD, No association with breast cancer
- OK for placement up to 48hrs PP or after 4weeks. Return of fertility immediate
Discuss natural family planning
- 4 features
- Efficacy
- Advantages
- Disadvantages
- Features
-Cervical mucous - avoid sex from first day of thin clear mucous till fourth morning after secretions are sticky and thick. 20% failure rate when used alone
-Basal body temperature. No longer fertile after BBT >0.2 degrees higher for 3 readings than the temps of the preceding 6 days. 6% failure rate when used alone
-Calendar. Sperm can last up to 7 days. egg lasts 24-48hrs. Fertile window of 8-9 days. 20% failure rate when used alone
-Cervical position - high soft and open = fertile, low hard and closed = not fertile period. - Efficacy
-Can be 98% if use all methods and are motivated
-Highly user dependant <90% effective typically - Advantages
-Natural, no hormones, low cost - Requires commitment, difficulty with abstinence, takes time to learn
What is the type of estrogen used in COC and what are the doses?
- Ethinyloestradiol, oestradiol valerate, oestradiol
- Doses
-50mcg - microgynon 50
-35mcg - Brevinor and Brevinor 1, Ginet, Noramin
-30mcg - Yasmin, microgynon 30, Marvelon, Ava 30
-20 mcg - Yas, Ava 20, Mercilon
What are the different kinds of progesterone in COC and what are the doses.
- Types of preogesterone:
-Levonorgestrel, Norethisterone, Desogestrel, cyproterone, Drosperinone - Doses
-Levonorgestrel - 0.125mg - 0.15mg
-Norethisterone - 0.5-1mg
-Desogestrel - 0.15mg
-Cyproterone - 2mg
-Drosperinon -3mg
What are the types and doses of progesterone used in POP
- Types
-Levonorgestrel - Microlut 0.30mg
-Norethisterone - Noriday - 0.35mg
-Desogestrel - Cerazette 0.75mg
How should the following side effects from COC be managed:
1. Acne
2. Bloating / fluid retention
3. Breakthrough bleeding
4. Breast tenderness
5. Headache
6. Nausea
7. Heavy / painful hormone free interval bleed
- Increase estrogen, switch progesterone to anti-androgenic
- Decrease estrogen and change to progesterone with mild diuretic effect - drosperidone
- Increase estrogen, change progesterone type
- Decrease estrogen and progestogen or change progestergen
- Decrease estrogen or change progesterone
- Decrease estrogen or change progesterone
- Tricycle
What are estrogen associated side effects (9)
-Breast tenderness
-Bloating
-Nausea
-Melasma/chloasma
-Headache
-Vaginal discharge / ectopy
-Depression / decreased libdo
-Photosensitivity
-Galactorrhoea
What are progesterone associated side effects (8)
-Breast tenderness
-Bloating
-Depression and reduced libido
-Hair loss
-Acne
-Cramps and leg pain
-Vaginal dryness
-Thrombophlebitis
Discuss combined oral contraceptive pill
-Efficacy
-MOA
-Administration and timing
-Contra-indications
-Risks
-Benefits
-Post natal use
- Efficacy - 99.7% perfect use, 91% typical use
- MOA - Suppresses neg feedback to HPO axis - stops folliculogensis and ovulation. Progesterone increases mucous viscosity, reduces cillia motility, thins endometrium
- D1-D5 works immediately otherwise alternative protection for 7 days
- Contra-indications
-<6weeks PP
-BMI >35
-Smoker, >35yrs old and >15 cigarettes per day
-Previous VTE or 1st degree relative <45yrs, Thrombophillia
-Breast cancer
-Severe liver or GB disease
-Multiple CVD risk factors or CVD
-Migraine with aura
-SLE - Risks
-VTE risk 3 x gen pop for 1st and 2nd gen 6 x with 3rd gen
-Increased in COC with drospirenone
-Stroke - if Hx of migraine, HTN - 2 x increased risk
-Small increase in breast cancer - back to normal post use - Benefits
-Good for menorrhagia, dysmenorrhoea, PMS
-Reduce risk of ovarian, bowel and endometrial cancer
-Improves acne
-Reduces breast lumps and ovarian cysts
-Decreased PID rates secondary to increased mucous viscosity
-Reduced ectopic pregnancy - Don’t use for first 6 weeks. Fertility returns within a few weeks
What is the advise if a COC is missed (4 points)
As long as has had 7 active pills then ovulation is inhibited
-Pills missed in weeks 2 and 3 are pretty safe
-Biggest risk at start or end of pack when 7 active pills won’t have been taken
-If miss one pill take when remember and carry on - if non active pills within 7 days consider ECP
-If 2 pills missed take when remember and 7 days rule with active pills
Discuss progesterone only pill
-Efficacy
-MOA
-Administration and timing
-Contra-indications
-Risks
-Benefits
-Post natal use
- Efficacy
-Cerazette 99.7 perfect use, 92% typical use
-Other POPs 98.4% perfect use, 91% typical use - MOA - ovulation suppression in 30%, Cerazette 100%
Increase mucous viscosity, thins endometrium, reduces cillia motility - Take D1/D5 works immediately. Take any other time 2 day rule. Take within same 3 hr window. If forget to take take when remember and 2 day rule.
- Contraindications:
-Breast cancer, severe liver cirrhosis, Liver cancer, Current IHD/CVA - Risks
-Breast cancer RR 1.17, Erratic bleeding, increased ovarian cysts, reduced efficacy with increased weight, ineffective with liver enzymes (Use condoms) when on med and for 28days after), increased risk ectopic - Benefits
-Amenorrhoea in 50% cerazette, No cardiovascular/VTE risks, May reduce PID risk - Can use after PP. Return to fertility immediate