Continued Quiz 1 Flashcards
Fumarole
A vent or fracture from which volcanic gas is emitted.
Mitigation for eruptions
Evacuation
Education
Cooling with water
Lava diversion
Natural disasters include
Hurricanes Meteor attacks Typhoon Tsunami Earthquake Mudslide
Mitigation approach used in each situation depends on
1) people’s perception and understand of problem (know they live in hazardous area)
2) environmental awareness of residents (aware it could happen to them)
3) commercial considerations
4) technological or engineering options
5) cost, usually to local government.
Biggest killers in 20th century
Earthquakes and hurricanes.
What does number of people killed in earthquake depend on?
NOT the magnitude. Where they are!
Accepting the loss Zoning regulations Engineering solutions Hazard warning systems and evacuation Public use and abandonment of hazardous areas
Insurance to cover Signs to stay out of certain areas Turn off fires, for example Horns; announcement; Get away; don't use those areas.
Force =
Gravity (mass1•mass2
—————
Distance1•distance 2)
The heavier the object, the stronger the pull.
Impacts (one source of energy for disasters)
Impacts of particles, like meteors, comets and asteroids, within earth produce heat.
Which plates meet to make up San Andreas Fault
North American plate and pacific plate.
What causes the variations in materials of volcanoes
It’s the result of magma composition and explosiveness of the eruption. They cause the differences in the form/shape of volcano.
Five most dangerous volcanoes
Yellowstone caldera
Mount Vesuvius, Italy
Popocatepetl, Mexico
Sakurajima, Japan
Galeras, Columbia
I explain flood/plateau basalt
Low viscosity lava flows from fissures
Form plateaus
Relatively low hazard/violence; but cover large areas
Explain shield volcano
Usually build almost entirely of fluid lava flows.
Names for large size and low profile, resembling warrior’s shield
Mostly basalt
Low violence. Can get near, but don’t get surrounded by it!
Low viscosity magma
Lava flows
Pyroclastic flow
Fast moving current of hot gas, crystals and rock, reaches speed of 700km/h (435mph)
-almost as fast as aircraft
Gas can reach about 1,000 degrees Celsius
Sky darkness, hard to breathe, sets people/things on fire.
