CONTINUATION OF AIDS FOR TRADE

Question 1

…. and … have argued that
constant emphasis on implementation of various multilateral trade agreement by stronger countries like USA, Britain, the European union and China. to ensure global trade openness reflected their lack of awareness toward the absence of capacity and other constraints that developing countries had to face in order for them to participate In global trade.

Answer 1

Finger and Shuler, 2000

Question 2

sixth WTO ministerial conference was held in …..

Answer 2

Hongkong, China in 2005

Question 3

AfT was launched during….

Answer 3

Ministerial conference in Hongkong, China.

Question 4

Why was AfT formed ….

Answer 4

It was formed with the intent of helping developing countries, particularly least developing countries [LDCs], build the supply-side capacity and trade related infrastructure that they need to expand their trade.

Question 5

The influential scholars. that have commented on AfT initiative considering how it affects developing countries [like Africa] are …. and ….

Answer 5

Stiglitz and Charlton, 2006

Question 6

The issues raised by Stiglitz and Charlton, 2006 are ….., …., and ….

Answer 6

[i] identify specific need to be funded [ii] what modus operandi should these aid be given to developing and least developed countries [iii] what institutions are available in developing countries to manage this form of aid

Question 7

Aid for trade has also been criticized under the following parameter:

Answer 7

[i] its broadness in definition - which encompasses everything ranging from trade related infrastructure to the related adjustment[Laird, 2007] [ii] The design of AfT architecture [iii] coordination between and among donors

Question 8

The scholars that have proposed various ways which the AfT architecture should set-up for countries and donors are ….

Answer 8

Zedillo, 2005 , Stiglitz and Charlton, 2006

Question 9

Among the top receiver of AfT are …

Answer 9

TAnzania,Ethiopia, Ghana, Uganda, and Mozambique

Question 10

Result showed that 60% of aid for trade went into two sectors …. and ….

Answer 10

transport/storage and agriculture

Question 11

Other AfT went to energy, banking and financial sector by….

Answer 11

Lloyd, MCCillivary, Morrissey and Osei, 2000

Question 12

By…., an increasing part of AfT had targeted capacity building, institution development, and trade negotiations challenges in Africa.

Answer 12

WTO/OECD, 2018

Question 13

The devaluation of currency, a move to discourage export, negatively impacted on the income of the average citizens as the price of imported necessities and their domestic equivalents shot though the roof by…..

Answer 13

Osimiri, 2013

Question 14

Perhaps the most important neoliberal policy in Nigeria was ….. introduced by the …..

Answer 14

Structural Adjustment Programme [SAP] and International Monetary Fund [IMF].

Question 15

…..by …. was introduced in the 1980 to correct the catastrophic mess caused of the oil boom of the late 1970s when the government borrowed heavily and spent money on wasteful projects and corruption.

Answer 15

SAP and IMF

Question 16

Nigeria. is Africa’s largest economy and the most populous sub - Saharan Africa [SSA] country with a GDP of ….

Answer 16

440.8 billion USD [estimate of 2021]

Question 17

While maintaining a real GDP growth rate at an average of over 1.8 percent over last ….

Answer 17

12 years[except for during the recession periods of 2016 and other recession periods]

Question 18

…. is the main economy hub of Sub- Saharan Africa.

Answer 18

Nigeria

Question 19

In trade terms, her population of of …….presents an interesting market for commodities in international trade.

Answer 19

over 210 millions

Question 20

Unfortunately,failure to diversify her ….. and ….

Answer 20

Export base and the Dutch Disease

Question 21

A condition where an increase in one sector of the economy causes an unprecedented decrease in other sectors is called …… which has affected Nigeria’s international trade abilities

Answer 21

Dutch Disease

Question 22

The availability. of about …. of proven oil reserves and …..of natural gas, has adversely affected other prospects of trade with the world.

Answer 22

37.1 billion barrels and 5.1 trillion cubic reserve.

Question 23

while crude oil export have been the major source of financing government. expenditures, it has also accounted for the near collapse of all other sectors of the economy like agriculture, manufacturing,, mining and Other non-oil export with resultant consequences in Nigerian. peoples by ……

Answer 23

Nosakhare and Iyoha, 2014

Question 24

Empirical studies have shown that profligate dependence on foreign exchange derived from the sales of …. consequently, the Nigerian economy is volatile and susceptible to international and external stocks.

Answer 24

crude oil

Question 25

A report which captures the impact of crude oil dependence on agricultural sectors which prior to the 1970s estimated that this sector has shrank from ….in …. to … in …. by Kwanashie, Ajilima, and Garaba, 1997

Answer 25

66% in 1958/59 to 16% in 1996

Question 26

consequently, the contribution of agriculture to foreign exchange also plummeted Within the same period from….. in…. to….. in …. by Aigbokan, 2021

Answer 26

86% in 1955-59 to1.8% in 1996

Question 27

However, this contribution is in primary goods with little or no value added and most of these agriculture products lost due to lack of….. and ….. for local consumption and export

Answer 27

processing and storage

Question 28

Several studies have also investigated the challenges that beset non-oil international trade in Nigeria valued at over….as at 2021

Answer 28

3 billion USD