Contextual Variation Flashcards
When are voiceless plosives /p, t, k/ aspirated?
At the beginning of a stressed or word initial syllable. “Pot, tea, kettle”
When are voiceless plosives /p, t, k/ unaspirated?
Whenever not at the beginning of a stressed or word initial syllable
When are plosives unreleased?
At the end of an utterance (stop, bucket) or before another stop (actor, hypnotize)
When are voiceless plosives glottalized?
When at the end of a syllable.
When are alveolar plosives /t, d/ realized as a tap [ɾ]
Only when intervocalic, and when the second vowel in unstressed
When is the alveolar nasal realized as a tap?
Same as the alveolar plosive, when intervocalic and the second vowel is unstressed.
This is not [ɾ] but [ ɾ̃̃ ],
When are the voiced obstruants realized voiceless?
Obstruant = Plosive, affricate, and fricative
At the beginning of an utterance or when preceded by a voiceless consonant
When are approximants voiceless?
After the voiceless plosives /p, t, k/
When are english sonorants syllabic
Sonorant = anything not an obstruent
Liquids are syllabic when between consonant and end of word
Nasal syllabic when between obstruent and end of word
When are alveolar stops and laterals realized as dental?
/ t, d, n, l /
When followed by a dental consonant
/ θ, ð /
When do velars become more front?
When followed by a front vowel
[ k̟, g̟, ŋ̟ ], keen, risky, give, dinghy
When is /l/ velarized (dark l [ɫ])
When followed by a consonant or at the end of a word
peel, milk, stalled, apple, vs vs. leaf, slice, solo
another alternative transcription for [ ɫ ] is [ lˠ ] (superscript ɣ diacritic = velarization)
When is /h/ breathy?
(breathy) voiced [ ɦ ]
When placed intervocalically
Does /n/ ever change place of articulation?
Yes, it takes on the place of the following consonant.
When do alveolar /t, d, s, z/ ever become post alveolar?
When followed by /j/
Meet you, miss you
