Contextual Analysis - 19% Flashcards
what is a plan
an adopted statement of policy, in the form of text, maps, and graphics, used to guide public + private actions that affect the future (housing, transportation, open-space, priority investment, strategies)
plans authorized by state or fed statute
state: conservation element, econ development, housing assistance, housing element, land use element, TOD
fed: hazard mitigation, transportation improvement
plan not state or fed authorized or req’d
area plans: neighborhood, corridor, downtown
functional plan: parks, open-space, bike route, urban forest
plan structure: core
stmt of authority
background data
doc of stakeholder interetss
vision statement
eval of plan + design alternatives
prog of implementation
plan structure: elements
essential: land use, transportation, housing, community facilities
other: econ dev, hist preservation, natural hazards, farmland preservation, open space, urban design
goals vs objectives
goal = stmt that describes desired future condition
objective = stmt that describes a specific future condition to be attained within a stated period of time; more numerous; organized by goals stmt topics
data needs for plan prep
maps + images
natural environ - climate soils etc
existing land uses
housing - inventory, condition, vacancy
transportation - street networks, capacity
public utilities - water supply/disposal, stormwater/waste mgmt
community services
pop + employment
local economy
SPECIAL TOPICS - historic sites and buildings, archaeological site, zoning etc
plan types - comprehensive - why?
- see big picture
- coord local decision making
- guidance to landowners and developers
- establish a sound basis in fact for decisions
- involve broad interests
- build informed constituency
comprehensive plans - req’d elements
- land use
- transportation
- community facilities
- housing
- econ development
- critical + sensitive areas
- natural hazards
- ag lands
comprehensive plans - optional elements
- addressing urban design, public safety, cultural resources
comprehensive plans - bookend elements
front end: issues and opportunities (vision, existing conditions, analyses of trends/forces, ops/disadvantages, public participation process, legal authority, connection to other plan elements)
back end: implementation
comprehensive plans - future land use map
shows future land use intensity and density; must be supported by land-use projections linked to population and economic forecasts (lots of this - eval/analysis/inventory against future projected needs based on econ, housing, pop, employ data)
comprehensive plans - econ dev element purposes
one or more of these:
- job creation and retention
- incr in real wages
- stabilization or inr of the local tax base
- job diversification
comprehensive plans - implementation bookend
action plan - specific actions organized by execution date: 1-3 yrs, 4-10 yrs, 11-20 yrs
actions incl capital projects, changes to land dev regulations + incentives, new programs or procedures, financing initiatives
urban design plan - elements
plan, prep of design guidelines for buildings, design of public realm, and the public interest issues of buildings (massing, placement, sun/shadow/wind)
urban design plan - reasons
- vision for community to attract invements
- coordinate disparate interests
- strategic implementation plan - assignments of tasks
- links challenging sites to surrounding contexts
- create a new image for an area
- bring conflicting factions together
urban design plan report - components
- exec summary
- exist conditions
- analysis drawings
- summary of issues (stakeholder process)
- dev program (market studies)
- urban design plan (color rendered plan)
- streets framework plan
- open space framework plan
- perspective drawings
- design guideliness
- implementation + phasing
urban design plans - types
- neighborhood plan
- downtown plans
- mixed-use developments
regional plan
- cover geographic areas transcending boundaries of individual govt units but sharing common characteristics - social, econ, political, cultural, natural-resource-based, transportation
- skeleton/framework for local gov’t plan, unifying and forecasting, and strategizing
regional plans - types
- functional plans (housing)
- comprehensive plans (elements defined by state statues - e.g., narrative of assuptions, population, economy, land use, transportation, housing trends, natural features and cultural assets, agricultural lands, natural hazards, regional density, growth policy)
neighborhood plans - reasons
- more detailed than comprehensive plan
- emphasize partnerships
- detail land-use patterns - approach zoning amendments
- shorter implementation timelne
neighborhood plans - elements
- general housekeeping
- planning process validation - processes/research
- neighborhood image/identity
- functional - safety, housing
- implementation framework
neighborhood plans - funding
- city capital improvements, special assessments, trnsportation funds, TIF, community development block grant, special state/fed programs (historica preservation or urban forestry), donations, fundraisers, community dev loans
transportation plans - constituencies
- US dept of trnsportation - fed highway admin, fed transit admin, fed railroad admin
- state depts of transportation - state highways, regional travel demand forecasting models with metro areas
- metro planning orgs - MPOs - long-range plans - maintain reg travel demand forecasting models
- local govts - constructing, operating, maintaining
- public transit providers - similar to local govts but maybe no independent stream of revenue
- resource and reg agencies - for natural and social impacts
- citizens + communities
transportation plans - types
- statewide - incl intermodal, also consider tribal + fed land mgmt agencies
- metro area long range - eval alternatives, id travel corridors, assess problems - regional in nature
- local transportation plans - stand alone or part of a comprehensive plan
- corridor - high-priority areas showing congestion or future higher use - usually state DOTs and transit providers but not always - 20 yr plan
transportation plan - components
- overview
- exist conditions
- forecast future conditions
- summary of needs
- goals + objectives
- assess capacity
- alt scenarios
- descr cost implications
- guideliness for implementation + monitoring
- program to ensure public involvement
housing plans - reasons
- address legal req
- address affordable housing needs
- encourage econ and social integration for stronger neighborhoods
housing plans - productive implementation strategies
- rezone for higher density
- inclusionary zoning
- infill opps
- opps for specialized housing types
- incentives for preservation/rehab
- assembly strategies and land banking
- removing regulatory barriers
- financial assistance
- housing trust funds
parks and open space plans - reasons
- protection of natural resources and biodiversity
- creation of places for recreation
- support for econ dev opps
- dev of neighborhood gathering places
- promotion of public health benefits
- creation of civic and cultural infrastructure
- shaping patterns of dev thru open spaces
open space plans - influences
- dept mandate and mission
- parks/open space definition - all open areas, or just conservation areas mandated by law
- park classifications - types by services, populations, functions
- parks standards
- development and mgmt policies
open space plans - goals + objectives
- qty - % acreage
- proximity - to ea resident
- accessibility
- distribution - balanced service
- equity - across populations
- enviro protection - of resources
- coordination, balance, shaping, sustainability, urban design
- connections
open space - legal req
- fed/state/local enviro protections
- fed/state/local parkland preservation reg
- hist bldgs and landcapes regs
- ADA regs
green infrastructure - definition
a green space network of natural ecosystem functions - using existing or new parks to manage stormwater, reduce urban heat island effect, and create wildlife habitat
open space - linkages
via riparian buffers, street design, transit paths, utility rights-of-way, or other linear corridors
critical and sensitive areas plans - definition
lands or water bodies that provide protection to or habitat for natural resources, living and nonliving; or natural resources that req id and protection from inappropriate development
critical and sensitive areas plans - approaches
which areas should be protected and to what degree
- ID the resources (descriptions, GIS maps)
- eval their value
- det (via analysis) the carrying capacity
- create policy
- ID regulatory + nonreg tools to implement and help protect
critical and sensitive areas - resources to be identified
- aquifers (US EPA mapping)
- watersheds (local govts)
- wellhead protection areas
- wetlands (local govts)
- wildlife habitats (state agencies)
- hillsides and steep slopes
- other critical/sensitive - e.g., historic structures and sometimes their open spaces (local govts)
critical and sensitive areas - how to evaluate
utility value - how used by community
economic value - how much dollar value provides
aesthetic value - qualitative value
carrying capacity analysis
point at which resource’s function will be reduced to an unacceptable level (same as assimilative capacity) as nature “intends” it - provides logical/factual basis for community decisions
critical and sensitive areas - map scales
more detailed is better but more expensive - 1”=2000’ is too far out, 1”=100’ is better
