Context Flashcards
In 12th century Europe how long did travelling take?
10 weeks for messages to be travelled from Jerusalem to rome. Longer in winter months due to ports in Venice, Pisa and Genoa being closed. Harsh winter sea.
What was the violence situation in 12th century Europe?
Very violent. Conflicts between local lords regionally. Especially in France.
Who came up with the Just War theory?
Augustine
What were the 4 points of the just war theory?
-Must have a Just cause
-Must be for defence or to recover rightful possessions
-Must be sanctioned by legitimate authority
-those who fight must have right intentions
What was the justification behind the first crusade?
Muslims are sinners by not believing in the Christian faith, therefore Jesus cant return. As such, they must kill the Muslims out of love for a sin free world.
What is a Crusade?
A crusade is a papal request for military force to muster with the sole purpose of creating peace through armed pilgrimage. Call for genocide.
What is the Truce of God?
Temporary ban on all fighting. Guaranteed safety for churches, merchants, monks and pilgrims. 80 out of 365 days free for fighting.
What is the Peace of God?
A rebuke to those who broke the Truce, of which would be excommunicated. Intended to be permanent peace but satisfaction destined it for failure.
What happened the 17th to the 27th November 1095?
The council of Clermont formed. Called to bring peace (a peace council).
What happened on the 27th November?
Pope Urban II called the first Crusade, offering indulgence to those who took the cross.
What amount of people in France left for Jerusalem (crusaded)?
1/10 people in France left. Shows violence.
What were the main 7 factors motivating people to Crusade?
Religious motive (indulgence), Honour, Wish for Land, Poverty, Primogeniture, Plunder, Family settlements.
